ATI RN
Pediatric Endocrine Nursing Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hypoglycemia may result from absence or deficiency of the counter-regulatory hormones (growth hormone and cortisol). It is sometimes difficult to differentiate it from hyperinsulinism. Which of the following suggests hypoglycemia due to absence of counter-regulatory hormones rather than hyperinsulinism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absence of counter-regulatory hormones (GH, cortisol) leads to hypoglycemia with ketosis due to unopposed fat breakdown, unlike hyperinsulinism where ketones are absent (C) due to insulin’s suppression of ketogenesis. Options B, D, and E do not distinguish effectively.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-day-old male neonate develops poor feeding, irritability and tachycardia; her mother has been developed hyperthyroidism before pregnancy that was treated by radioiodine. The pregnancy course was unremarkable. Lab investigations reveal markedly elevation of T4 and T3. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonatal hyperthyroidism is often congenital, caused by maternal thyroid-stimulating antibodies crossing the placenta, fitting this scenario. Primary (B), secondary (C), and tertiary (D) hyperthyroidism are not neonatal-specific, and radioiodine (E) doesn’t cause fetal hyperthyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-year-old boy develops precocious puberty; he has acne, pubic and axillary hair, and penile enlargement with normal testicular size. His blood pressure is elevated. Lab test reveals hypokalemia, and elevated level of deoxycorticosterone. MRI of the brain is normal. Of the following, the MOST likely enzyme deficiency for this boy is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 11-hydroxylase deficiency causes precocious puberty, hypertension, hypokalemia, and elevated deoxycorticosterone, matching this case. 21-hydroxylase (E) typically causes virilization without hypertension, and others (B, C, D) don’t fit.
Question 4 of 5
The major cause of the acute scrotum in boys less than 6 years of age is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The major cause of the acute scrotum in boys less than 6 years is torsion of the testis, a surgical emergency requiring prompt intervention.
Question 5 of 5
Clinical laboratory testing can define the metabolic derangement. Vacuolated lymphocytes and metachromatic granules are seen in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vacuolated lymphocytes and metachromatic granules are hallmarks of lysosomal storage disorders (e.g., mucopolysaccharidoses) due to undegraded substrates. Organic acidurias (B), NKH (C), PCD (D), and IVA (E) show different biochemical markers.