ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hypocalcemic tetany:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hypocalcemic tetany results from low blood calcium levels. 2. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium levels by increasing calcium release from bones and reabsorption in the kidneys. 3. A deficiency in parathyroid activity leads to decreased calcium levels, causing tetany. 4. Choice D is correct as it directly links hypocalcemic tetany to parathyroid dysfunction. Summary: A: Incorrect, calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels. B: Incorrect, TSH regulates thyroid function, not calcium levels. C: Incorrect, osteoclasts break down bone tissue but are not directly related to hypocalcemic tetany.
Question 2 of 5
What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Replacement dose of thyroid hormones. In newly diagnosed cretinism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to developmental delays and other health issues. Administering replacement thyroid hormones is crucial to normalize hormone levels and support proper growth and development. Thyroidectomy (choice A) is not necessary in this case as the goal is to supplement the missing hormones. Option B, the administration of radioactive iodine cocktail, is used to treat hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Choice D, replacement dose of calcitonin, is not relevant as calcitonin is involved in calcium regulation, not thyroid hormone production. Thus, the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism is the replacement dose of thyroid hormones to address the underlying hormonal deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
The “melting of flesh into urine,†an old-timey name, is most descriptive of untreated:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: diabetes mellitus. This term describes the breakdown of body tissues for energy due to lack of insulin, leading to the production of ketones in the urine. In diabetes mellitus, the body cannot use glucose properly, causing the breakdown of fats and proteins. Addison's disease (B) involves adrenal insufficiency, not tissue breakdown. Diabetes insipidus (C) is a disorder of water balance, not tissue breakdown. Cushing syndrome (D) is characterized by excess cortisol production, not tissue breakdown into urine.
Question 4 of 5
Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is produced by the posterior pituitary gland and regulates water balance in the body by acting on the kidneys to reduce urine output. FSH, LH, and ACTH are produced by the anterior pituitary gland and have different functions related to reproductive health and stress response. The key to this question is knowing the specific hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland, making D the correct choice.
Question 5 of 5
Hormones help balance the body’s reactions differently than nerve impulses in that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Hormones balance the body's reactions differently than nerve impulses because: - A: Hormonal responses are slower compared to nerve impulses due to the time it takes for hormones to travel through the bloodstream. - B: Hormones can target specific target cells located in different parts of the body, making their effects more targeted and widespread. - C: Hormonal effects can last longer than the quick, temporary effects of nerve impulses, contributing to sustained physiological changes. Therefore, D encompasses all these aspects, highlighting how hormones differ from nerve impulses.