Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis has been associated with the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is a condition characterized by thickening of the pylorus muscle, leading to obstruction at the gastric outlet in infants. The association of HPS with conditions like eosinophilic gastroenteritis, Apert syndrome, Zellweger syndrome, and trisomy 21 is crucial for pediatric gastrointestinal nurses to understand. A) Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is NOT associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an inflammatory disorder involving eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract, while HPS is a mechanical obstruction at the pylorus. B) Apert syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by craniosynostosis and syndactyly but is not directly linked to HPS. C) Zellweger syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting multiple organ systems, including the liver, but does not have a direct association with HPS. D) Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) has not been linked to HPS. Down syndrome is characterized by an extra chromosome 21 and is associated with various medical issues, but not specifically HPS. Understanding these associations helps nurses in pediatric gastrointestinal care differentiate between various conditions, provide appropriate care, and educate families effectively. It also highlights the importance of thorough assessment and accurate diagnosis in pediatric patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding the typical presenting symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in infants and younger children is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective interventions. In this case, the correct answer is C) epigastric pain. Epigastric pain is a common symptom in older children and adults with peptic ulcer disease, but it is not a usual presenting symptom in infants and younger children. Young children may not be able to articulate or localize their pain in the epigastric region as effectively as older individuals. Feeding difficulty (Option A) is often seen in infants with peptic ulcer disease due to discomfort while eating. Vomiting (Option B) can occur as a result of irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. Hematemesis (Option D), which is vomiting blood, can be a severe symptom of peptic ulcer disease in children. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to be aware of the differences in how peptic ulcer disease may present in infants and younger children compared to older patients. This knowledge enables nurses to conduct thorough assessments, provide appropriate interventions, and collaborate effectively with healthcare providers to ensure optimal care for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal issues.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding umbilical hernias is crucial when educating parents. The correct answer is D) More often in premature infants. This is because premature infants have less developed abdominal muscles, making them more prone to umbilical hernias due to the small size and fragility of their abdominal wall. Option A) More often in large infants is incorrect because the size of the infant does not directly correlate with the occurrence of umbilical hernias. Option B) In white infants more than in African American infants is incorrect as umbilical hernias can occur in any ethnicity. Option C) Twice as often in male infants is incorrect as the occurrence of umbilical hernias is not gender-specific. Educationally, it's important to highlight the increased risk of umbilical hernias in premature infants to ensure parents are informed about the potential issues their baby may face. Nurses should provide anticipatory guidance to parents of premature infants on how to monitor and care for their baby's umbilical area to prevent complications associated with umbilical hernias.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In caring for a 14-year-old with celiac disease, it is essential for the nurse to ensure that the patient follows a strict gluten-free diet. Option D, which includes cheese, banana slices, rice cakes, and whole milk, is the correct meal choice as it is gluten-free. Option A includes rye toast, which contains gluten, making it unsuitable for someone with celiac disease. Option B with pancakes likely contains gluten unless specified otherwise, and sausage links may also contain gluten as fillers. Option C includes oat cereal, which may be contaminated with gluten unless certified gluten-free, and breakfast pastries typically contain gluten. Educationally, understanding the importance of a gluten-free diet in celiac disease management is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. By choosing the correct meal option, the nurse ensures the patient's adherence to dietary restrictions, promoting better health outcomes and symptom management for the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the immediate postoperative period following cleft lip repair in a 4-month-old infant, the best position for the child is option C) Supine. Placing the infant in a supine position helps to minimize pressure on the surgical site, reduces the risk of disrupting sutures or incisions, and promotes airway patency and proper oxygenation, which are crucial for healing and recovery. Option A) Right side-lying and option B) Left side-lying can increase the risk of putting pressure on the surgical site and may lead to discomfort for the infant. Placing the infant in a prone position (option D) is contraindicated as it can also put pressure on the surgical area and compromise the infant's ability to breathe effectively, especially considering the age and recent surgery of the child. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind positioning post cleft lip repair is essential for pediatric nurses to provide optimal care and promote successful outcomes for their young patients. By ensuring proper positioning, nurses can contribute significantly to the infant's comfort, safety, and overall recovery process.