Hypersecretion of a hormone by the endocrine gland marked in the diagram results in a type of depression that affects some people during the winter months, when the day length is short, known as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Steroid hormones (e.g., cortisol) bind nuclear receptors, entering the nucleus to activate gene transcription altering protein synthesis over hours. Nuclear second messengers aren't typical cAMP is membrane-based. Membrane binding fits peptides (e.g., insulin), not steroids, and genes aren't at membranes. Nuclear gene activation distinguishes steroid action, key to their genomic effects, unlike messenger or membrane errors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing (e.g., TRH) and inhibiting (e.g., dopamine) hormones target the anterior pituitary, regulating hormones like TSH, ACTH master control. Adrenal cortex responds to ACTH, not directly hypothalamus. Posterior pituitary stores hypothalamic ADH/oxytocin, not regulated by releasing hormones. Thyroid follows TSH, not direct hypothalamic. Anterior pituitary's regulation distinguishes it, key to hypothalamic-pituitary axis, unlike downstream glands.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ovary is controlled by anterior pituitary's FSH/LH, driving follicle growth and ovulation reproductive link. Pancreas (insulin) isn't pituitary-regulated autonomous. Parathyroid (PTH) self-regulates via calcium. Adrenal medulla (epinephrine) is neural, not pituitary. Ovary's pituitary dependence distinguishes it, critical for gonadal function, unlike independent or neural glands.