ATI RN
Endocrine System in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hyperglycemia during diabetic ketoacidosis may be associated with
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyponatremia occurs in DKA due to osmotic shifts from hyperglycemia.
Question 2 of 5
Type 2 DM can be managed with lifestyle modifications, including nutrition therapy, increased exercise, and oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin); however, insulin therapy is necessary in special circumstances. Of the following, insulin treatment is required when there is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In type 2 DM, insulin is required when ketonuria indicates significant insulin deficiency or decompensation, beyond lifestyle or metformin control. Hyperglycemia (A, B) may be managed otherwise, and hyperkalemia (C) or hypophosphatemia (D) are not direct triggers.
Question 3 of 5
The staging of pubertal changes differs between both genders. The onset of puberty is marked by pubarche and gonadarche. Of the following, the first normal event of puberbertal maturation in boys is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testicular enlargement (gonadarche) is the first sign of puberty in boys, typically at 11-12 years, preceding pubic hair (B), scrotal changes (C), voice deepening (D), and axillary hair (E).
Question 4 of 5
A 16-year-old female adolescent develops swelling at the anterior aspect of the neck with difficulty of the swallowing. Examination reveals a firm, nontender diffuse goiter with a pebble-like surface. Her mother has had a thyroid disease in early adulthood. Of the following, the MOST valuable test to confirm the diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hashimoto thyroiditis, suggested by goiter and family history, is confirmed by elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Function tests (D) assess impact, while scan (A), biopsy (B), and ultrasound (C) are less specific initially.
Question 5 of 5
You are examining a 5-day-old neonate with ambiguous genitalia; there are no palpable gonads in the inguinal or genital area; the blood pressure is normal according to the age. Of the following, the NEXT step in the management of this neonate is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomal study (karyotype) is the next step to determine genetic sex in ambiguous genitalia, guiding further evaluation. Imaging (A) and hormone tests (C, D, E) follow based on karyotype results.