ATI RN
Endocrine System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hyoscine produces all of the following actions EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an anticholinergic drug that acts by blocking muscarinic receptors. It produces sedation by crossing the blood-brain barrier and affecting the central nervous system. Its antiemetic action is due to its ability to inhibit the vomiting center in the brain. Stimulation of the respiratory center is not a typical action of hyoscine. Lastly, hyoscine decreases salivary secretion due to its anticholinergic effects. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Increase of salivary secretion) as it is inconsistent with the pharmacological actions of hyoscine.
Question 2 of 5
Anti-cholinesterase drugs include the following drugs EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbachol. Anti-cholinesterase drugs inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, increasing levels of acetylcholine. Carbachol is a direct cholinergic agonist, not an anti-cholinesterase drug. Physostigmine, Metrifonate, and Neostigmine are all anti-cholinesterase drugs that work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Physostigmine is used for glaucoma and atropine overdose, Metrifonate for parasitic infections, and Neostigmine for myasthenia gravis.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is an alpha-blocker used in the treatment of hypertension:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Understand the question is about an alpha-blocker for hypertension. Step 2: Identify Prazosin as an alpha-blocker used for hypertension by blocking alpha-1 receptors. Step 3: Explain how Prazosin works to dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Step 4: Summarize why other choices are incorrect: - A: Tyramine is not an alpha-blocker, it is found in certain foods. - C: Ergometrine is an ergot alkaloid used for uterine contractions, not hypertension. - D: Ergotamine is also an ergot alkaloid used for migraines, not hypertension.
Question 4 of 5
Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used in the treatment of angina. A common side effect of its vasodilator activity is a reflex increase in heart rate, which is sometimes dangerous. Which drug could inhibit this reflex cardiac stimulation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that blocks the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, preventing the reflex increase in heart rate caused by nitroglycerin. This action helps to counteract the potentially dangerous side effect of increased heart rate. A: Atropine is not the correct answer because it is an anticholinergic drug that increases heart rate, which would exacerbate the reflex cardiac stimulation caused by nitroglycerin. B: Cocaine is a stimulant drug that can further increase heart rate and is not used to inhibit reflex cardiac stimulation. C: Phentolamine is an alpha-blocker that primarily acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors and is not the preferred drug for inhibiting the reflex increase in heart rate caused by nitroglycerin.
Question 5 of 5
Quinidine is a drug used for arrhythmias. One of its properties is strong postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking activity. What side effect would you expect as a result of this property?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reduced blood pressure, hypotension. Quinidine's strong postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking activity would result in decreased activation of these receptors, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure, which can cause hypotension. Choice A is incorrect because lacrimal and mucus secretions are not directly affected by alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking. Choice B is incorrect as dilated pupils are more associated with alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blockade. Choice D is incorrect as skeletal muscle tremors are not a typical side effect of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking.