Huntington’s disease is an example of a genetic disorder caused by:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Huntington’s is caused by a dominant allele with late onset (typically adulthood), and it is lethal due to progressive neurodegeneration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer, distinct from mutagens (cause mutations) or teratogens (cause birth defects).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes that drive uncontrolled cell division.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Retinoblastoma follows the two-hit hypothesis: a germline mutation in one RB1 allele and a somatic mutation in the other inactivate the tumor suppressor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels, critical for tumor growth and survival.