ATI RN
Adaptive Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: CD4+ T cells. HIV primarily infects CD4+ T cells by binding to the CD4 receptor and a co-receptor, usually CCR5 or CXCR4. CD4+ T cells are crucial for coordinating the immune response. B cells (choice B) are not typically infected by HIV. CD8+ T cells (choice C) can be indirectly affected by HIV, but they are not the primary target of the virus. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it accurately reflects the primary target cells of HIV infection.
Question 2 of 5
Many immune cells listed below are found in the absence of infection in the lamina propria of the gut with the exception of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils are typically not found in the lamina propria of the gut in the absence of infection because they are primarily involved in the acute inflammatory response to infections. Macrophages, plasma cells, and T cells are commonly present in the gut lamina propria to maintain immune homeostasis and respond to antigens. Neutrophils are more abundant in tissues during active infection due to their role in phagocytosis and inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Neutrophils.
Question 3 of 5
A monoclonal antibody called '3F8' was developed to treat neuroblastoma and was subsequently improved by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. By engineering a form of the antibody with human variable region protein sequences (choice B), it reduces the risk of immune response in patients. Similarly, by engineering a form with human constant region protein sequences (choice C), it further reduces immunogenicity. Therefore, both B and C contribute to making the antibody more suitable for human use, enhancing its efficacy and safety in treating neuroblastoma. Choices A and D are incorrect as they do not address the crucial aspect of reducing immunogenicity through humanization of the antibody.
Question 4 of 5
Polyclonal antibodies made in response to a given antigen will be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer D is correct: 1. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cell clones in response to an antigen (Choice A). 2. These antibodies have varying affinities due to the diversity of B cell clones involved (Choice B). 3. Different antibody classes, such as IgM, IgG, IgA, etc., are produced by different B cells (Choice C). 4. Therefore, all options are correct as polyclonal antibodies exhibit these characteristics.
Question 5 of 5
Amino acids are building blocks of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins because they are linked together in a specific sequence to form protein chains. Proteins are essential for various biological functions in the body. Incorrect options: A: Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates are made up of sugar molecules, not amino acids. B: Nucleic acids - Nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, are made up of nucleotides, not amino acids. C: Lipids - Lipids are composed of fatty acids and glycerol, not amino acids.