How you view yourself as male or female regardless of your external sexual characteristics is which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gender identity . Gender identity is oninternal sense of being male, female, or other, independent of biology, per psychological definitions. Choice B (sexual orientation) is attraction, not identity. Choice C (sex-role perception) isnt a standard term likely a distractor. Choice D (gender role) is societal behavior expectations, not self-view. (sexual scripting) relatto sexual behavior patterns. As truth identity as self-concept, stable by age 3 (Kohlberg) distinguishit from attraction , rol, or scripts , making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Unconscious motiv. Psychoanalysis (Freud) posits behavior stems from unconscious driv(e.g., libido), resolved via therapy. Choice A (social attitudes) fits social psychology. Choice B (learning) is behaviorism. Choice C (evolution) aligns with evolutionary psychology. Choice D (neurochemistry) is biological psychology. truth unconscious motivas the core, seen in Freuds id/ego/superego model distinguishit from the external (A, B) or biological (C, D) explanations, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Xanthochromia refers to a yellowish discoloration of CSF due to the presence of blood breakdown products, such as bilirubin. A bloody tap occurs during the procedure when blood is introduced artifactually, resulting in red blood cells but not xanthochromia, as the blood is fresh and not yet degraded; thus, it is the exception and correct answer. Subarachnoid hemorrhage causxanthochromia due to hemolysis of RBCs over time. Carotenemia and hyperbilirubinemia can discolor CSF yellow due to elevated carotenoids or bilirubin levels, respectively. Markedly elevated CSF protein may also contribute to xanthochromia by altering CSF appearance. Since a bloody tap donot allow time for blood breakdown, it donot cause true xanthochromia, making A distinct from the others.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Familial autosomal recessive microcephaly, or primary microcephaly, featura small head size with a slanted forehead , prominent nose and ears due to relative facial sparing, and mild or borderline mental retardation from reduced brain volume. Surface convolutional markings may be simplified. Prominent seizur, however, are not a hallmark; seizurmay occur but are not a defining or consistent feature, unlike in secondary microcephaly (e.g., from infection). Thus, D is the exception and correct answer, as familial microcephaly primarily affects head size and cognition rather than causing significant epileptiform activity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Crouzon syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder , involvcraniosynostosis leading to brachycephaly (B, short skull), ocular proptosis from shallow orbits, and maxillary hypoplasia . Syndactyly , or fused digits, is not a feature; it is characteristic of Apert syndrome, another craniosynostosis condition. This distinction is key: Crouzon affects the skull and face without limb involvement, while Apert includsyndactyly. Thus, D is the exception and correct answer, as it donot belong to Crouzons typical presentation, rooted in its genetic and phenotypic profile.