How should the nurse advise a parent caring for a child at home diagnosed with viral tonsillitis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) You can give your child Tylenol every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain. Rationale: - Viral tonsillitis is not treated with antibiotics (option A) as it is caused by a virus, not bacteria. Antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections. - Scheduling a follow-up appointment in 2 weeks (option B) is not the immediate action needed for viral tonsillitis. Addressing the child's symptoms and providing comfort are more pressing concerns. - Giving Tylenol for pain relief (option C) is appropriate as viral tonsillitis can cause discomfort and fever in children. - Placing warm towels around the child's neck (option D) may provide some comfort but does not address the pain directly as Tylenol would. Educational context: It is crucial for nurses and parents to understand the appropriate management of viral tonsillitis in children. Educating parents on symptomatic relief measures like pain management with Tylenol can help alleviate the child's discomfort. This knowledge empowers parents to provide appropriate care at home and prevents unnecessary antibiotic use, which contributes to antibiotic resistance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Administer five back blows followed by five chest thrusts. For a choking infant under 1 year old, this technique is recommended by the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. Back blows are used first to attempt to dislodge the object, followed by chest thrusts if the object remains stuck. This sequence is safer for infants as abdominal thrusts can be harmful. Option A is incorrect because abdominal thrusts are not recommended for infants due to the risk of causing harm. Option B is also incorrect as inserting a finger into the child's mouth can push the object further down their airway. Option C, performing the Heimlich maneuver, is not recommended for infants as it can also cause harm. Educationally, it is crucial for parents and caregivers to be trained in pediatric first aid, including how to respond to choking incidents in infants. By understanding the correct techniques, they can act quickly and effectively in an emergency, potentially saving a child's life. Practicing these skills through scenarios and simulations can help reinforce the correct actions to take in such situations.

Correct Answer: A,C,D,E

Rationale: Rationale: Correct Answer: A) Providing a high-protein, high-calorie diet, C) Encouraging exercise, D) Minimizing pulmonary complications. 1. Providing a high-protein, high-calorie diet is essential for CF patients as they have increased energy needs due to the disease affecting nutrient absorption. This diet helps in maintaining weight and overall health. 2. Encouraging exercise is crucial for CF patients to improve lung function, strengthen respiratory muscles, and enhance overall physical well-being. It also helps in clearing mucus from the lungs. 3. Minimizing pulmonary complications involves various strategies like airway clearance techniques, using inhalers, and timely antibiotic therapy to prevent and manage infections that can worsen respiratory health in CF patients. Incorrect Answers: B) Providing a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet is not recommended for CF patients as it can lead to weight gain without providing the necessary nutrients. CF patients need a balanced diet focusing on high protein and calories. Educational Context: Understanding the therapeutic management strategies for CF patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working with pediatric populations. By providing a comprehensive approach that includes nutrition, exercise, and pulmonary care, we can improve outcomes and quality of life for CF patients. Educating patients and families about these strategies empowers them to actively participate in managing the disease and promoting better health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Lateral neck x-ray of the soft tissue. The presenting symptoms of high fever, dysphagia, drooling, tachycardia, and tachypnea are indicative of a possible case of epiglottitis, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. A lateral neck x-ray is crucial in diagnosing epiglottitis as it can show the characteristic "thumb sign" caused by an enlarged epiglottis. Option A) Immediate IV placement may be necessary but is not the first action to take in this situation. The priority is to diagnose the condition accurately before initiating treatment. Option B) Immediate respiratory treatment may be needed eventually, but the first step is to confirm the diagnosis through diagnostic testing. Option C) Thorough physical assessment is important, but in this case, time is of the essence, and a prompt diagnostic test like a lateral neck x-ray is crucial for timely intervention. In an educational context, it is essential for nurses to recognize the signs and symptoms of pediatric respiratory emergencies like epiglottitis. Quick and accurate assessment followed by appropriate diagnostic testing can make a significant difference in the outcome for the child. This question highlights the importance of prioritizing actions in emergency situations to provide safe and effective care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is option B) A 2-year-old who has had five previous ear infections. This child would benefit most from having ear tubes placed because recurrent ear infections can lead to hearing loss, speech delays, and other complications. By placing ear tubes, fluid can drain more easily, reducing the risk of infections and related issues. Option A) A 2-month-old who has had one ear infection is less likely to benefit from ear tubes as single, isolated ear infections are common in infants and may not warrant surgical intervention. Option C) A 3-year-old whose sibling has had four ear infections does not necessarily indicate a need for ear tubes in this child. Family history alone is not a strong indicator for ear tube placement. Option D) A 7-year-old who has had two ear infections this year may benefit from other interventions before considering ear tubes. The frequency of infections is lower compared to option B, and the child's age may allow for alternative treatments to be explored first. Educationally, understanding the criteria for ear tube placement is crucial for pediatric nurses to advocate for appropriate care for children with recurrent ear infections. It is essential to consider the child's age, history of infections, and potential risks and benefits of surgical interventions in collaboration with healthcare providers.