How should contaminated instruments used during delivery be handled?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soak in 0.5% chlorine solution for 30 minutes. This is the most effective method for handling contaminated instruments as it allows enough time for the chlorine solution to effectively disinfect the instruments and kill any pathogens present. Washing with soap and water alone may not be sufficient to completely sterilize the instruments. Soaking for a longer duration (30 minutes) ensures thorough disinfection. Options A and D are similar but do not provide an adequate soaking time, which may result in incomplete disinfection. Option C of boiling for 2 hours is unnecessary and may damage the instruments.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uterine atony. After birth, the uterus may not contract properly, leading to excessive bleeding known as postpartum hemorrhage. Uterine atony is the most common cause, as the uterus fails to remain contracted after delivery. This results in inadequate compression of blood vessels, leading to bleeding. Genital lacerations can cause bleeding but are less common than uterine atony. Abnormal clotting mechanisms and endometritis are less likely causes of immediate postpartum bleeding compared to uterine atony.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Engaging community members. In community health programs, involving community members fosters ownership, trust, and sustainability. It promotes active participation, cultural relevance, and tailored interventions. Sufficient funding (B) is important but not a guarantee of success without community engagement. Effective leadership (C) is crucial, but without community involvement, the program may lack grassroots support. Lowering health care expenses (D) is a potential outcome, not a primary component of success.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Access to health care services. Health disparities are largely influenced by unequal access to healthcare services, leading to disparities in health outcomes. Lack of access can result in delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment, and poor management of health conditions. Genetic factors (A) play a role in health, but they do not solely determine health disparities. Lifestyle choices (B) can impact health but are often influenced by socio-economic factors, which tie back to access to healthcare. Cultural beliefs (D) can impact health behaviors, but without access to appropriate healthcare, disparities will persist.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary role of community health nurses in disaster preparedness is developing emergency response plans. This is because they play a crucial role in planning and organizing community resources to effectively respond to disasters. Providing direct patient care (B) and conducting health screenings (D) are important activities but not the primary role in disaster preparedness. Coordinating care among various providers (C) is also significant, but developing emergency response plans takes precedence in ensuring a coordinated and efficient response during disasters.