How should contaminated instruments used during delivery be handled?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Soak in 0.5% chlorine solution for 30 minutes. This is the most effective method for handling contaminated instruments as it allows enough time for the chlorine solution to effectively disinfect the instruments and kill any pathogens present. Washing with soap and water alone may not be sufficient to completely sterilize the instruments. Soaking for a longer duration (30 minutes) ensures thorough disinfection. Options A and D are similar but do not provide an adequate soaking time, which may result in incomplete disinfection. Option C of boiling for 2 hours is unnecessary and may damage the instruments.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Parasitism as a health threat. This diagnosis guides the Parish Health Team to take concrete action because parasitism poses a direct risk to the community's health. By identifying parasitism as a health threat, the team can prioritize interventions to prevent and control the spread of parasites, ensuring the well-being of the population. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis - This choice does not provide a clear direction for action and lacks a sense of urgency compared to a health threat. B: Malnutrition as a health deficit - While malnutrition is a significant issue, the question specifically mentions suspected parasitism as the focus of case findings activities. C: Parasitism as a health deficit - This choice does not emphasize the immediate danger posed by parasitism, unlike the concept of a health threat.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Form partnerships with people in the community. As a community health nurse, forming partnerships is essential for community empowerment as it involves collaboration, sharing of resources, and building trust. This approach ensures that the community members are actively involved in decision-making processes, leading to sustainable improvements in health outcomes. Gathering data (A) is important, but forming partnerships is crucial for effective collaboration. Making decisions for people (B) goes against empowerment principles as it disempowers the community. Accepting responsibility for people's actions (D) is not the role of a nurse in community empowerment, as it focuses on supporting individuals to take responsibility for their own health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Traditional and Alternative Health Care Law. This law specifically addresses the integration of traditional, non-traditional, alternative, or complementary health care strategies into the healthcare system. This legal basis allows for the incorporation of diverse health care practices to cater to the cultural beliefs and preferences of the Filipino population. A: PhilHealth Act primarily focuses on health insurance and financial assistance, not on the integration of traditional health care strategies. C: Philippine Nursing Act regulates the nursing profession and does not specifically address the integration of traditional health care practices. D: Philippine Medical Act governs medical practice standards and does not directly relate to the incorporation of traditional or alternative health care strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bayabas. Step-by-step rationale: 1. Bayabas (guava) has antimicrobial properties that can help in treating diarrhea. 2. Boiling a decoction of bayabas leaves can help alleviate Joseph's symptoms due to its astringent properties. 3. The astringent properties of bayabas can help firm up loose stools. 4. Bayabas is commonly used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea. Summary of other choices: B: Pancit pacitan - Not commonly used for treating diarrhea. C: Sambong - More commonly used for urinary tract infections, not diarrhea. D: Lagundi - More commonly used for respiratory issues, not gastrointestinal problems.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): In value-based care, the main goal is to achieve the best outcomes relative to cost. This is represented by the equation Quality/Cost. Quality divided by Cost indicates the emphasis on maximizing outcomes while minimizing costs, aligning with the principles of value-based care. By focusing on Quality/Cost, healthcare providers aim to deliver high-quality care efficiently and effectively. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cost X Quality): This equation focuses on the product of cost and quality, rather than the relationship between outcomes and cost. B (Cost X Quality/Consumer satisfaction): Consumer satisfaction is not explicitly related to achieving the best outcomes relative to cost in value-based care. D (Fee for service/discount rate): This choice is not relevant to measuring and optimizing outcomes in value-based care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Access to health care services. Health disparities are largely influenced by unequal access to healthcare services, leading to disparities in health outcomes. Lack of access can result in delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment, and poor management of health conditions. Genetic factors (A) play a role in health, but they do not solely determine health disparities. Lifestyle choices (B) can impact health but are often influenced by socio-economic factors, which tie back to access to healthcare. Cultural beliefs (D) can impact health behaviors, but without access to appropriate healthcare, disparities will persist.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because withholding results from the community until they can be statistically confirmed goes against the principles of community assessment. Here's why: 1. Transparency is key in community assessment to build trust and collaboration. 2. Sharing preliminary findings can engage the community in the process. 3. Waiting for statistical confirmation unnecessarily delays action and may lead to missed opportunities for intervention. 4. While ensuring accuracy is important, it should not come at the cost of excluding the community from the process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the process of how a bill becomes a federal law. Initially, a bill is sent to the appropriate committee where it is discussed, researched, and expert testimonies are heard. This step allows for thorough examination and evaluation of the bill's content and implications. This committee review is essential in shaping the bill before it moves to the full legislative body for further debate and voting. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: The bill is not first reviewed by the President in the legislative process. The President's involvement typically occurs at a later stage, after the bill has been passed by both houses of the legislature. C: Complete consensus in both houses of the legislature is not required for a bill to become a law. It needs a majority vote in each house. D: The President has the power to veto a bill, regardless of the level of support it receives in the Senate. The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in