How often should residents in wheelchairs be repositioned?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: At least every two hours. Repositioning residents in wheelchairs every two hours helps prevent pressure ulcers and promotes circulation. Repositioning every 15 minutes (A) or every five minutes (D) is too frequent and can disrupt residents' comfort and activities. Repositioning every hour (B) may not provide adequate relief from prolonged pressure. Hence, repositioning every two hours strikes a balance between prevention and resident wellbeing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Soy. Soy can be used as a substitute for dairy products in individuals who are lactose intolerant. Soy milk, tofu, and other soy-based products are good sources of protein and can be easily digested by those with lactose intolerance. Soy is a suitable alternative as it does not contain lactose, unlike dairy products. A: Fiber is not a suitable substitute for dairy products for someone who is lactose intolerant as it does not provide the necessary nutrients found in dairy. B: Salt is not a substitute for dairy products and does not provide the essential nutrients needed in the diet. C: Protein is a good nutrient to include in the diet, but solely relying on protein as a substitute for dairy may not be adequate for individuals who are lactose intolerant.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Specific gravity test. This test measures the concentration of solutes in urine, indicating the urine density. Specific gravity reflects the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine. The pH test (B) measures acidity, not density. Glucose test (C) is for detecting sugar levels, not density. Occult blood test (D) is used to detect hidden blood in urine, not density. Therefore, specific gravity test is the appropriate choice for measuring urine density.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Scabies. Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact. Shingles (A) is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and spreads through exposure to the rash of a person with shingles, not direct person-to-person contact. Skin cancer (C) is not contagious and typically develops due to genetic and environmental factors. Eczema (D) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is not contagious and is influenced by factors like genetics and immune system dysfunction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is a condition where the bronchi become permanently dilated due to chronic inflammation and infection. This leads to the destruction of the bronchial walls. Rationale: 1. Bronchiectasis specifically refers to permanent dilation of bronchi. 2. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchi but does not result in permanent dilation. 3. Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction due to inflammation and bronchoconstriction. 4. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs, not a condition causing permanent bronchial dilation. Summary: Bronchiectasis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the permanent dilation of bronchi, distinguishing it from the other choices which involve different mechanisms and outcomes.