How often are EEGs abnormal in healthy children?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In healthy children, EEGs show abnormaliti(e.g., benign spikes) in ~10% , per studilike Cavazzuti et al., reflecting normal variants. Higher rat(15-25%, C-E) occur in epilepsy, while 5% underestimatfindings. This baseline 10% as typical for healthy kids make B the correct answer, balancing sensitivity and specificity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lower serum sodium increasfebrile seizure recurrence risk by lowering seizure threshold via hyponatremias effect on neuronal excitability. Potassium , chloride , calcium , and magnesium imbalancare less linked. Studi(e.g., Pediatrics) highlight sodiums role, making A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The ketogenic diet, high in fats, is contraindicated in primary carnitine deficiency , as defective carnitine impairs fat metabolism, risking metabolic crisis. Myoclonic-astatic epilepsy , tuberous sclerosis , Rett syndrome , and infantile spasms benefit from it. Carnitincritical role makes A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Subtle seizurin neonatinclude blinking , mouthing , heart rate chang, and apnea , reflecting autonomic or minor motor signs. Hypotension episodare not a seizure feature; theyre systemic, not neurologic. This distinction seizure versus effect makes D the exception and correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Status epilepticus is defined as seizurlasting >30 minutor recurrent without recovery, per ILAE, requiring urgent treatment due to neuronal injury risk. Shorter durations (A-B) are prolonged seizures; longer exceed standard. Thirty minutclinical threshold makes C the correct answer.