How much sodium is actively reabsorbed by the proximal segment of the nephron?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: PCT actively reabsorbs ~70% of filtered sodium, not 10%, 1%, or 99% (total includes later). This quantifies sodium handling, key for fluid balance, contrasting with full reabsorption myths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peristalsis propels urine through ureters, not gravity (positional), hydrostatic (filtration), or osmotic (concentration). This defines ureteral motility, key for urine transport, contrasting with passive forces.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renal corpuscle includes glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, not PCT, loop, or DCT (tubular). This defines filtration unit, key for GFR, contrasting with tubular segments.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Globin, albumin (proteins), and blood cells are too large for glomerular filtration all apply. This defines filtration barrier, critical for plasma selectivity, contrasting with small solutes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Renal artery supplies the kidney, not iliac (pelvis), cystic (bladder), or celiac (gut). This identifies renal blood flow, critical for perfusion, contrasting with other arteries.