ATI RN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
How much does the inspired O2 concentration have to be raised to abolish the hypoxaemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (7%). To abolish hypoxemia, inspired O2 concentration needs to be increased sufficiently to raise arterial oxygen levels. A 7% increase is generally effective in achieving this without causing oxygen toxicity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a 5% increase may not be enough to abolish hypoxemia, a 10% increase can lead to oxygen toxicity, and a 15% increase is excessive and unnecessary for treating hypoxemia. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate and balanced choice for addressing hypoxemia effectively.
Question 2 of 5
Nurse Reese is caring for a client hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on assessment of this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A hyperinflated chest noted on the chest x-ray. In COPD, air trapping leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to appear hyperinflated on x-ray. This is due to the increased residual volume and decreased expiratory flow rates in COPD. Incorrect choices: A: Hypocapnia is unlikely in COPD as patients typically retain carbon dioxide due to impaired gas exchange. C: Increased oxygen saturation with exercise is unlikely in COPD as these patients often have decreased oxygen saturation due to impaired gas exchange. D: A widened diaphragm would not be a typical finding on chest x-ray in COPD; hyperinflated lungs are more characteristic.
Question 3 of 5
A male client comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of diarrhea, anorexia, malaise, cough, headache, and recurrent chills. Based on the client's history and physical findings, the physician suspects Legionnaires' disease. While awaiting diagnostic test results, the client is admitted to the facility and started on antibiotic therapy. What is the drug of choice for treating Legionnaires' disease?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: erythromycin (Erythrocin). Legionnaires' disease is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, and erythromycin is the drug of choice for treating this infection. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that effectively targets Legionella bacteria by inhibiting their protein synthesis. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations. Rifampin (B) is not the preferred choice for Legionnaires' disease. Amantadine (C) is used for treating influenza A virus, not Legionella bacteria. Amphotericin B (D) is an antifungal agent and is not effective against Legionella pneumophila. Utilizing erythromycin as the treatment of choice ensures successful eradication of the Legionella bacteria and helps the client recover from the infection.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is working in a walk-in clinic. She has been alerted that there is an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clients entering the clinic today is most likely to have TB?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, a 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism. This choice is most likely to have TB because individuals who are homeless and have a history of alcoholism are at higher risk for TB due to weakened immune systems and living conditions. Homelessness and alcoholism increase the likelihood of exposure to TB. Explanation for other choices: A: A 16-year-old female high school student - Less likely to have TB compared to homeless individuals with risk factors. B: A 33-year-old day-care worker - Possible but less likely compared to the homeless man with a history of alcoholism. D: A 54-year-old businessman - Least likely to have TB compared to the homeless individual with risk factors.
Question 5 of 5
The last mammalian structure that air moves through before the alveoli is the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: bronchioles. After air passes through the trachea, it enters the bronchi, which further divide into bronchioles. The bronchioles are the last structures where air passes before reaching the alveoli for gas exchange. The larynx is involved in sound production and the glottis is the opening between the vocal cords in the larynx. While the trachea is the initial passage for air into the respiratory system, the bronchioles are the final branching structures where air reaches the alveoli, making them the correct answer.