How many years are medico-legal charts stored?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Medico-legal charts are typically stored for a minimum of 10 years after the case is closed to ensure compliance with legal requirements and to provide a comprehensive record of the medical care provided. This duration allows for potential future reference, follow-up treatment, or legal purposes that may arise within the specified timeframe. It is important to maintain these records for an extended period to protect both the patient's rights and the healthcare provider's accountability. Additionally, storing medico-legal charts for 10 years aligns with standard retention practices in the healthcare industry.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Preoperative nursing intervention that is essential for preparing a patient with a history of coronary artery disease for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is assisting the patient with deep breathing and coughing exercises. These exercises are crucial to prevent postoperative complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia, which are common risks after surgery. Deep breathing exercises help to expand the lungs and improve ventilation, while coughing exercises help to clear secretions and prevent respiratory complications. By assisting the patient with these exercises preoperatively, the nurse can help optimize the patient's respiratory function and decrease the risk of complications during and after surgery. Administering aspirin, providing education about pain management, and obtaining informed consent are also important aspects of preoperative care, but assisting with deep breathing and coughing exercises is particularly essential for patients undergoing CABG surgery due to the increased risk of respiratory complications in this population.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The APCAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score is used to evaluate a newborn's condition in the first few minutes after birth. This assessment typically occurs within the first 1 to 3 minutes after the baby is born. The score helps healthcare providers quickly assess the baby's overall well-being and determine if any immediate interventions or further monitoring are necessary.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Third-degree perineal lacerations are significant injuries that require careful monitoring for signs of infection or wound dehiscence, which are potential complications that could hinder optimal wound healing. Signs of infection may include increased redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and purulent drainage from the wound site. Dehiscence refers to the separation of the wound edges, which can be a serious complication requiring immediate attention. By closely monitoring the incision site for these signs, the nurse can promptly intervene if any complications arise, ensuring proper healing and preventing further complications. While providing perineal care, proper application of peri-pads, and encouraging sitz baths are important for comfort and cleanliness, monitoring for complications takes priority in promoting optimal wound healing in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The central theme of Sr. Callista Roy's theory is adaptation. Roy's Adaptation Model focuses on the individual's ability to adapt to internal and external stimuli in order to maintain health and well-being. The theory emphasizes the interconnectedness of the individual and their environment, highlighting the dynamic process of adaptation in response to stimuli. By focusing on adaptation, Roy's theory guides nursing practice in promoting holistic care that supports individuals in adapting to changes and achieving optimal health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain along with the urinalysis findings of pyuria (pus in the urine) and bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) are highly suggestive of a urinary tract infection (UTI). UTIs are one of the most common types of bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. The symptoms described are classic for a lower urinary tract infection. The presence of pyuria and bacteriuria on urinalysis further supports the diagnosis of a UTI. Acute glomerulonephritis typically presents with hematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, and edema. Chronic kidney disease is often asymptomatic in early stages and presents with symptoms like fatigue, edema, and changes in urination later on. Renal calculi are associated with severe colicky flank pain that can radiate to the groin, and they may present with

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of recurrent episodes of epistaxis, gum bleeding, and easy bruising, along with laboratory findings of prolonged bleeding time, normal platelet count, and normal coagulation studies (PT and aPTT) are highly suggestive of Von Willebrand disease. Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and is characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), which plays a key role in platelet adhesion and aggregation. The prolonged bleeding time is due to impaired platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall in the absence of functional vWF. Normal platelet count and normal PT/aPTT help differentiate Von Willebrand disease from other bleeding disorders such as hemophilia and platelet function disorders like Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rehabilitation prior to discharge is best described as a period of ups and downs, physically and emotionally because it involves the recovery process after an illness, injury, or medical procedure. It is a challenging time where the patient may experience setbacks and improvements on their journey back to health. There can be physical challenges such as regaining strength and mobility, as well as emotional challenges like coping with the changes in their condition. Therefore, the rehabilitation process is often not smooth and can be a rollercoaster of progress and setbacks, both physically and emotionally.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of recurrent episodes of sudden, severe vertigo lasting hours, along with nausea, vomiting, nystagmus, and unilateral weakness on vestibular function tests, is most consistent with vestibular neuritis. Vestibular neuritis is an inflammatory disorder of the vestibular nerve, typically viral in origin, leading to acute onset of vertigo. Patients often experience severe vertigo, imbalance, nausea, and vomiting, along with characteristic nystagmus. Unilateral weakness on vestibular function testing supports the diagnosis of vestibular neuritis, as it indicates dysfunction of one vestibular organ. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) typically presents with brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position without associated unilateral vestibular weakness. Ménière's disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo associated with fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness, and