How many milliliters are equal to 20 cc?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct choice is **B: 20** because cubic centimeters (cc) and milliliters (mL) are equivalent units of volume measurement in the metric system. By definition, 1 cubic centimeter is exactly equal to 1 milliliter. This means that 20 cc is precisely 20 mL, as both units represent the same volume. The terms are often used interchangeably in scientific and medical contexts, particularly when measuring liquids or small quantities. Choice **A: 2** is incorrect because it suggests that 20 cc is only 2 mL, which would imply that 1 cc equals 0.1 mL. This is a tenfold underestimation and contradicts the universally accepted equivalence between cc and mL. Such a conversion would only apply if there were a different unit relationship, which does not exist in this case. Choice **C: 2000** is incorrect because it assumes that 20 cc equals 2000 mL, implying that 1 cc is 100 mL. This is a hundredfold overestimation and would only be true if converting between cubic centimeters and a much larger volume unit, such as liters (since 1 liter = 1000 mL = 1000 cc). The question does not involve any such scaling, making this choice invalid. Choice **D: 20000** is incorrect because it suggests that 20 cc is equal to 20,000 mL, which would mean 1 cc equals 1000 mL. This is a thousandfold overestimation and aligns with converting cubic centimeters to liters (since 1 liter = 1000 mL = 1000 cc). However, the question does not involve converting to liters or any other larger unit, so this choice is entirely misplaced. The key takeaway is that cubic centimeters and milliliters are directly interchangeable, with no scaling factor needed. Misinterpretations arise when students confuse these units with larger or smaller metric units, but the foundational relationship remains that **1 cc = 1 mL**, making 20 cc exactly 20 mL.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Verifying the client's identity before administering medication is crucial to ensure patient safety. Checking the client's identification band is the safest and most reliable method to confirm the client's identity. Identification bands are specifically designed to prevent errors in patient identification and help healthcare professionals administer care to the correct individual.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Buccal medication is administered by placing it between the client's cheeks and gums. This route allows for the medication to be absorbed through the mucous membranes in the mouth, providing a rapid onset of action compared to oral ingestion. Placing the medication under the tongue (sublingual) allows for absorption through the sublingual mucosa, not the buccal mucosa. Placing medication on the skin or the conjunctiva is not appropriate for buccal administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct position for administering a cleansing enema is the Sims left lateral position. This position is preferred as it helps to facilitate the procedure by allowing gravity to assist in the flow of the enema solution. The individual lies on their left side with the right knee flexed towards the chest, which helps to promote retention of the enema solution and its distribution throughout the colon.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When addressing a client's difficulty swallowing capsules, the nurse must consider medication safety, absorption, and client comfort. The correct approach is to check the availability of a liquid preparation (Option C), as this is the safest and most effective alternative. Liquid medications are specifically formulated for easy swallowing and ensure accurate dosing without altering the drug's pharmacokinetics. Many medications come in liquid forms, suspensions, or orally disintegrating tablets, which are ideal for clients with dysphagia. This option avoids the risks associated with tampering with the capsule's integrity, such as altered absorption or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Option A, dissolving the capsule in water, is incorrect because not all capsules are designed to be dissolved. Some medications are encapsulated to protect them from stomach acid, control release rates, or prevent irritation of the esophageal or gastric lining. Dissolving them may lead to rapid absorption, reduced efficacy, or local irritation. For example, enteric-coated or extended-release capsules must remain intact to function as intended. Option B, breaking the capsule and mixing the contents with applesauce, is inappropriate unless specifically permitted by the pharmacist or drug manufacturer. Many capsules contain powders or granules that are bitter, unstable in food, or require precise dosing. Mixing with food can result in incomplete ingestion, altered absorption, or even toxicity if the drug is not meant to be taken this way. Additionally, some medications (e.g., cytotoxic drugs) pose a safety risk if handled outside their original form. Option D, crushing the capsule and placing it under the tongue, is dangerous and incorrect. Most medications are not formulated for sublingual administration, which bypasses the digestive system and liver metabolism, potentially leading to erratic absorption or adverse effects. Crushing can also compromise the drug's stability or cause mucosal irritation. Only drugs specifically designed for sublingual use (e.g., nitroglycerin) should be administered this way. In summary, the nurse must prioritize methods that preserve the medication's intended action while accommodating the client's needs. Liquid formulations are the gold standard for dysphagia management unless contraindicated, whereas modifying capsules without proper guidance risks therapeutic failure or harm. Always consult the pharmacist or prescribing information before altering medication administration routes.