ATI RN
Muscular System Test Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) form the lower back, supporting weight and flexibility. Seven is cervical, twelve is thoracic, three is miscount. Lumbar's count, per spinal anatomy, makes 'a' correct.
Question 2 of 5
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Humans need oxygen most urgently, surviving only minutes without it, as it fuels cellular respiration (ATP production) via lungs. Food sustains days, water hours to days, nitrogen isn't directly needed (it's in air, not a pressing requirement). Oxygen's immediate necessity, per survival physiology, makes 'c' correct.
Question 3 of 5
In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what discovery did he win?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Röntgen won the 1901 Nobel for discovering X-rays, electromagnetic waves revealing internal structures (e.g., bones), revolutionizing medicine. Nuclear physics was later, radiopharmaceuticals involve isotopes, radiation-cancer link wasn't his focus. X-rays' impact, per history, makes 'd' correct.
Question 4 of 5
When athletes warm up, they illustrate a(n) type of muscle contraction.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warming up, athletes perform movements like stretching or light jogging, exemplifying treppe the staircase effect. Initial contractions increase force progressively as calcium accumulates and muscle fibers activate more efficiently, enhancing performance without fatigue. Isotonic contractions shorten muscles against constant load (e.g., lifting), while isometric maintain length under tension (e.g., planks) both common in exercise but not warm-up specific. Twitch is a single, brief contraction, not sustained activity. Tetanus involves maximal, fused contractions from rapid stimuli, typical of intense effort, not warm-ups. Treppe, observed in physiology labs, boosts contractility over successive stimuli at low frequency, warming muscle tissue, increasing blood flow, and optimizing enzyme activity. This priming contrasts with isotonic's dynamic shortening or tetanus's sustained force, aligning with warm-ups' preparatory role. Studies show treppe elevates twitch force 20-50% early on, a subtle yet critical enhancement for athletes, distinct from static or exhaustive contraction types.
Question 5 of 5
When the patient asks what the purpose of goniometry is, the nurse replies that goniometry measures:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Goniometry is a clinical tool used to assess joint mobility, specifically the extent to which a joint can move through its normal range. This measurement is critical in evaluating conditions affecting joints, such as arthritis or post-injury stiffness, and in tracking rehabilitation progress. Bone strength relates more to density and structural integrity, typically assessed via imaging like a DEXA scan, not goniometry. Muscle density isn't a standard metric in this context and is unrelated to joint angles. Muscle strength, while important, is measured through manual testing or dynamometry, not by gauging joint movement. Range of motion is the precise focus of goniometry, as it quantifies the degrees of flexion, extension, or rotation, providing objective data for treatment planning. The other options misalign with the tool's purpose, which is rooted in joint function rather than bone or muscle properties.