How many lobes does each lung have, and which lung has a cardiac notch?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Identifying lobes - The right lung has 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower) while the left lung has 2 lobes (upper, lower). Step 2: Cardiac notch - The cardiac notch is a concave space on the left lung where the heart lies. Therefore, the left lung has a cardiac notch. Step 3: Correct choice - Option D states that the right lung has 3 lobes, the left lung has 2 lobes, and the left lung has a cardiac notch, which aligns with the anatomical features of the lungs. Step 4: Incorrect choices - Choices A, B, and C have incorrect combinations of lobes and the presence of a cardiac notch, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Amantadine is an antiviral medication effective against type A influenza virus. 2. By taking it within 48 hours of exposure, it can lessen flu symptoms by inhibiting viral replication. 3. It does not prevent pneumonia or avian flu specifically. 4. It is not used for reducing bronchitis irritation. Summary: Amantadine is specifically used to reduce the severity of type A flu symptoms when taken within 48 hours of exposure. It is not for prevention of viral pneumonia, avian flu, or bronchitis irritation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+). Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). Summary: - Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase. - Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound. - Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Consumption of a heavy meal can lead to increased blood flow to the digestive system, causing a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle. Step 2: This reduction can trigger angina symptoms in individuals with chronic stable angina. Step 3: Emphasizing this to the client helps in understanding potential triggers to manage their condition effectively. Step 4: Rest (A) is usually recommended to relieve angina, sudden change in position (B) is not a common trigger, and severe depression (C) can exacerbate angina but is not a direct precipitating factor like heavy meals.