How many links in the chain of infection must be broken to prevent infection?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: One. To prevent infection, breaking any single link in the chain of infection is sufficient. This could be eliminating the infectious agent, interrupting the mode of transmission, protecting the portal of entry, or strengthening the host's immune response. Explanation: 1. Breaking any one link prevents the transmission of the infectious agent. 2. For example, washing hands (interruption of the mode of transmission) can prevent the spread of infections. 3. By focusing on one key aspect, the entire chain is disrupted effectively. Summary: Choice A is correct because breaking one link in the chain of infection is necessary and sufficient to prevent infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest a need to break multiple links, which is not always required for infection prevention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cool water. Using cool water helps decrease the temperature of the skin and provides immediate relief for minor burns. Ice or ice water (choice A) can further damage the skin by causing frostbite. Burn ointment (choice C) is used after cooling the burn, not to decrease skin temperature. Olive or canola oil (choice D) can trap heat and worsen the burn. In summary, cool water is the best choice as it effectively cools the burn without causing additional harm.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a resident may fear what the examiner will find during the physical exam, such as potential health issues or negative results. This fear can lead to emotional distress and the need for support. The other choices are incorrect because residents may not always be frightened of exams (A), doctors can be sensitive to emotions (B), and having never had a physical exam before (C) does not necessarily mean emotional support is needed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Placing the transfer belt around a resident's waist provides proper support and stability during transfers. This position helps distribute weight evenly and prevents injury. Placing it under clothing (A) can cause discomfort or skin irritation. Placing it around a fractured limb (B) can exacerbate the injury. Placing it around the resident's chest (C) can restrict breathing and movement. Thus, option D is the safest and most effective choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing nail care when a resident's nails are getting long is essential for maintaining good hygiene and preventing infection. Waiting until the nails are long ensures timely care. Choice A is incorrect as nail care should be based on resident needs, not the assistant's availability. Choice B is incorrect as nail care should be a separate task to ensure proper attention to detail. Choice D is incorrect as nail polish is cosmetic and not a reliable indicator of when nail care is needed.