ATI RN
Human Reproductive System pdf NCERT Questions
Question 1 of 5
How many fused parts form sacrum?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sacrum is formed by the fusion of 5 originally separate sacral vertebrae. However, the coccyx is the result of the fusion of 4 originally separate coccygeal vertebrae. Therefore, the sacrum itself is formed by the fusion of 4 parts, making choice A correct. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the anatomical structure of the sacrum.
Question 2 of 5
The main structures in erectile tissue responsible for maintaining an erection are the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: helicine arteries. Helicine arteries are the main structures in erectile tissue responsible for maintaining an erection. They dilate in response to signals from the nervous system, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, leading to an erection. Pacinian corpuscles (A) are sensory receptors for touch and pressure, not involved in erectile function. Peripheral nerves (B) transmit signals between the brain and the penis but are not directly responsible for maintaining an erection. Acrosome phase (D) is a term related to sperm structure and not relevant to erectile tissue function.
Question 3 of 5
Your 30 year old female patient is c/o bad-smelling vaginal discharge with mild itching for about 3 weeks. Douching did not help. Denies painful urination or intercourse. She noticed the smell increased after intercourse and during her period last week. There are no lesions on the perineum. No lymphadenopathy. On speculum examination, there is a thin gray-white discharge. The pH of the discharge is over 4.5 and there is a fishy odor when potassium hydroxide (KOH) is applied to the vaginal secretions on the slide. Wet prep shows epithelial cells with stippled border (clue cells). What type of vaginitis best describes the findings?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bacterial vaginosis. The key findings in this scenario point towards bacterial vaginosis. The presence of thin gray-white discharge, fishy odor with KOH, pH over 4.5, and clue cells on wet prep are classic for bacterial vaginosis. Trichomonas vaginitis (choice A) typically presents with yellow-green frothy discharge and motile trichomonads on microscopy. Candida vaginitis (choice B) is characterized by thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge and budding yeast or pseudohyphae on microscopy. Atrophic vaginitis (choice D) usually occurs in menopausal women due to estrogen deficiency and presents with thin, pale vaginal walls and vaginal dryness. In this case, the absence of these findings makes bacterial vaginosis the most likely diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
Seven days after ovulation, pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreases rapidly. What is the cause of this decrease in secretion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: After ovulation, the follicle transforms into the corpus luteum. Step 2: The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone. Step 3: Estrogen and progesterone exert negative feedback on the hypothalamus. Step 4: This inhibits the secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus. Step 5: Decreased GnRH leads to reduced LH secretion from the pituitary. Therefore, the correct answer is D because the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum suppresses the hypothalamic secretion of GnRH, resulting in decreased pituitary LH secretion. Summary: A: Incorrect. The anterior pituitary gland's responsiveness to GnRH is not the cause of the decrease in LH secretion. B: Incorrect. Estrogen exerts negative feedback on the hypothalamus, not the pituitary. C: Incorrect. Rise in body temperature does not directly inhibit GnRH secretion
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is greater after birth than before birth?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. After birth, the foramen ovale closes, reducing flow (A) 2. Pressure in the right atrium decreases due to closing of fetal shunts (B) 3. Ductus arteriosus closes, reducing flow (C) 4. Aortic pressure increases as systemic circulation begins (D) Summary: A, B, and C decrease after birth due to closure of fetal shunts, while D increases as systemic circulation takes over, making it the correct choice.