How is health promotion distinct from health protection?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Health promotion is distinct from health protection because it focuses on empowering individuals to have increased control over factors influencing their health. This includes education, lifestyle changes, and creating supportive environments. Choice A is incorrect as quality of care is not the primary focus of health promotion. Choice C is incorrect as health promotion is not limited to the delivery of care by healthcare providers. Choice D is incorrect as health promotion is broader than just social marketing campaigns, encompassing a range of strategies to improve health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, reviewing facility permits and consumer confidence reports. This is the first step because it provides crucial information about potential environmental hazards in the community. By reviewing permits, you can identify sources of pollution or hazardous materials. Consumer confidence reports also give insights into water quality and potential risks. Conducting a health risk assessment of individuals (A) or surveying community members (D) would come later in the assessment process after identifying potential hazards. Performing a windshield survey (B) is important for observing the community, but it does not provide specific data on environmental health risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because religious orders were the first to establish hospitals with a charitable mission to care for the sick, poor, and neglected. They believed in the importance of providing medical care and compassion to those in need. Feudal lords (choice A) were focused on maintaining control over their workers. Small towns (choice B) did not have the resources or organization to establish hospitals on a large scale. The military (choice C) prioritized treating injured soldiers on the battlefield rather than establishing hospitals. Hence, the correct answer is D as it aligns with historical evidence of the earliest hospitals being founded by religious orders for charitable purposes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Evaluating the effectiveness of a program designed to decrease obesity among school-aged children ultimately depends on whether the program has successfully achieved its intended outcome of reducing obesity rates. Step 2: Monitoring the decrease in obesity among the children directly assesses the impact and success of the program. Step 3: This metric provides concrete data to measure the program's effectiveness objectively. Step 4: Considering other factors like satisfaction of children, parental support, and cost-benefit analysis are important but secondary to the primary goal of reducing obesity rates. Step 5: Therefore, the most crucial question to consider in evaluating the program is whether obesity among school-aged children has decreased, making option C the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. In this scenario, the CHN is focusing on preventing a disaster from occurring by participating in the development of a disaster management plan. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a health problem before it happens. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, while tertiary prevention involves managing the consequences of a health problem. Choice B, secondary prevention, would involve actions taken after a disaster has occurred to prevent further harm. Choice C, tertiary prevention, would involve actions taken to minimize the impact of a disaster that has already happened. Choice D is incorrect because the CHN's involvement in developing a disaster management plan specifically aligns with primary prevention efforts.