Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly impacts balance and mobility in older adults. Muscle weakness from sarcopenia reduces stability and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. This affects functional independence as it limits the ability to perform daily activities safely. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as sarcopenia primarily affects muscle mass and strength, not body fat, lung capacity, or joint stiffness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because older adults often experience adverse drug reactions due to their slower renal and hepatic function. This leads to a decreased ability to clear drugs from the body efficiently, increasing the risk of drug accumulation and toxicity. Choice A is incorrect because aging typically results in slower drug metabolism, not faster. Choice B is also incorrect as older adults tend to take more medications, increasing the likelihood of drug interactions and adverse reactions. Choice D is incorrect because aging is associated with a decline in immune function, making older adults more susceptible to adverse drug reactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: John Hartford Foundation. The John Hartford Foundation is known for its significant contributions to the field of gerontological nursing through funding research, education, and initiatives to improve care for older adults. The foundation has supported the development of gerontological nursing programs and resources, making it a key influencer in advancing the specialty. Explanation for other choices: A: American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) primarily focuses on advocacy and support for older adults but does not have a direct influence on the specialty of gerontological nursing. C: Medicare is a federal health insurance program for individuals aged 65 and older, but it does not specifically impact the development of gerontological nursing as an organization. D: Mutual of Omaha Insurance is an insurance company and does not have a direct role in shaping the field of gerontological nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Family support and involvement. This is crucial in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke because a supportive and involved family can provide emotional support, encouragement, and assistance with activities of daily living. This positively impacts the patient's motivation, compliance with treatment, and overall well-being, leading to better rehabilitation outcomes. A: Age of the patient - While age can be a factor in stroke recovery, it is not the most important factor as older patients can still make significant progress with proper rehabilitation and support. C: Number of medications prescribed - While medication management is important in stroke recovery, it is not the most crucial factor for rehabilitation effectiveness. D: Patient’s previous health conditions - While previous health conditions can impact stroke recovery, the level of family support and involvement plays a more significant role in determining the effectiveness of rehabilitation after a stroke.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because losing one's teeth is not a normal part of the aging process. Teeth loss is primarily due to poor oral hygiene, dental diseases, and other factors, not solely aging. Step 1: Aging itself does not directly cause tooth loss. Step 2: Proper oral care and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth loss. Step 3: Edentulous clients still need dental checkups for oral health. Step 4: Regular dental exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability. Step 5: The incidence of oral malignancies does increase with age, emphasizing the importance of regular oral exams. Incorrect answers: B: Clients who are edentulous need dental checkups for oral health. C: Regular exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability. D: Oral malignancies increase with age, highlighting the importance of regular oral exams. Overall, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial for elderly individuals' oral health, preventing tooth