How does participatory action research differ from other research methods?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Participatory action research calls for nurses, community members, and other resource people to work together in identifying health problems, designing the studies, collecting and analyzing the data, disseminating the results, and posing solutions to the problems. The research process (use of control groups, randomization, and using a predetermined hypothesis) is part of participatory action research.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perform a windshield survey. This is the first step as it involves observing the community from a car to gather preliminary information on environmental factors, community resources, and potential hazards. This allows the nurse to identify areas for further investigation. A: Conducting health risk assessments of randomly selected individuals is not the first step, as it focuses on individuals rather than the broader community. C: Reviewing facility permits and consumer confidence reports is important but typically comes after initial observations to validate findings. D: Surveying community members can provide valuable input, but it may not give an overall picture of environmental health risks without prior observation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Children are more susceptible to environmental toxins because of their smaller body size, higher metabolic rate, and developing organ systems. Children have higher exposure to toxins relative to their body weight, making them more vulnerable to adverse health effects. This increased susceptibility can lead to various health issues and developmental problems. Choice A is incorrect because the prevalence of autism is a complex issue with multiple factors involved, including genetic and environmental factors. While environmental toxins may play a role in autism, it is not the sole cause. Choice D is incorrect because the incidence of asthma among children has actually been increasing in recent years, likely due to various environmental factors such as air pollution and allergens.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To enforce local laws and regulations. Local health departments conduct unannounced inspections to ensure that restaurants are adhering to health and safety regulations set by the local government. By enforcing these laws, they protect public health and safety. Choice B is incorrect because compliance is a result of enforcing laws, not the primary purpose. Choice C is incorrect because oversight to potential exposure is not the main purpose of inspections. Choice D is incorrect because monitoring employee safety is only one aspect of overall compliance with health regulations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). OSHA is the primary federal law that ensures workplace safety and health standards are met to protect employees. It specifically focuses on promoting safe working conditions and enforcing regulations to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. In the context of the restaurant industry, the nurse would likely discuss OSHA regulations with the student to highlight the importance of workplace safety practices. Explanation for other choices: A: Chemical Safety Information, Site Security, and Fuels Regulatory Act - This act primarily focuses on chemical safety and security regulations, not specifically related to workplace safety in the restaurant industry. B: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act - This act deals with hazardous waste cleanup and liability, not workplace safety in the restaurant industry. C: Food Quality Protection Act - This act pertains to regulations on pesticide use and food safety, not workplace safety in the restaurant industry.