How does gestational diabetes impact fetal development?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia, which is excessive fetal growth due to high blood sugar levels in the mother. This occurs as the fetus receives excess glucose from the mother, resulting in increased fat deposition and larger birth weight. Congenital anomalies (B) are not directly caused by gestational diabetes but by genetic or environmental factors. Reduced fetal movements (C) are not a typical effect of gestational diabetes. While gestational diabetes can increase the risk of preterm birth (D), the primary impact on fetal development is macrosomia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: 1. Emotional counseling helps women cope with grief. 2. Explaining causes provides closure and understanding. 3. Supporting future pregnancies ensures better outcomes. 4. All options address different aspects of support needed after stillbirth. 5. Therefore, providing emotional counseling, explaining causes, and supporting future pregnancies collectively offer comprehensive care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because during pregnancy, UTI symptoms include painful urination, increased frequency of urination, and lower abdominal pain. Painful urination is a common symptom due to inflammation of the urinary tract. Increased frequency of urination is caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the bladder. Lower abdominal pain can also occur due to the infection. Therefore, all these symptoms are indicative of a UTI during pregnancy. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass the comprehensive range of symptoms typically seen in a UTI during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because folic acid supplementation plays a crucial role in promoting spinal cord closure during fetal development, preventing neural tube defects. Folic acid helps in the formation of neural tube structures, ensuring proper closure and preventing defects like spina bifida. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as preventing infections, enhancing fetal growth, and regulating blood sugar levels are not direct mechanisms through which folic acid prevents neural tube defects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immediate caesarean section. In obstructed labor, prompt delivery is crucial to prevent harm to both the mother and the baby. A caesarean section is the most effective and timely intervention to safely deliver the baby and avoid complications such as fetal distress, maternal infection, and uterine rupture. Observation with pain relief (B) may delay necessary intervention, and manual repositioning of the fetus (C) is not sufficient in cases of obstructed labor. Choice D is incorrect because not all options are appropriate in this specific scenario.