How do immune suppressants work when ordered for a patient who has had an organ transplant?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because immune suppressants block the normal effects of the immune system in order to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ. By suppressing the immune response, the body is less likely to attack and reject the new organ. Choice B is incorrect because immune suppressants do the opposite of stimulating the immune system - they actually suppress it. Choice C is incorrect because immune suppressants do not work with corticosteroids to enhance healing. They work independently to suppress the immune response. Choice D is incorrect because immune suppressants do not work with corticosteroids to promote suppressor cells. Suppressors cells play a different role in the immune system compared to immune suppressants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Palivizumab. Palivizumab is used to prevent RSV in high-risk children by targeting the RSV F protein, reducing the severity of infection. Natalizumab (B) is used for multiple sclerosis, Belimumab (C) is for systemic lupus erythematosus, and Eculizumab (D) is for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, making them incorrect choices for preventing RSV.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Interleukins are signaling proteins that mediate communication between leukocytes to regulate immune responses. Choice C accurately describes interleukins' function in stimulating immunity through leukocyte interactions. Choice A is incorrect because interleukins are not produced in response to viral invasion specifically. Choice B is incorrect as interleukins generally regulate and amplify inflammatory responses instead of blocking them. Choice D is incorrect because while interleukins do bind to specific receptors, they are involved in a broader range of immune responses beyond very specific situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) because it is the most commonly used immune suppressant for T- and B-cell suppression in various conditions like organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases. Cyclosporine works by inhibiting T-cell activation and cytokine production. Azathioprine (B) is primarily used for organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases but is not as commonly used as Cyclosporine. Pimecrolimus (C) is a topical immunosuppressant used for eczema treatment, not for systemic immune suppression like Cyclosporine. Glatiramer (D) is used for treating multiple sclerosis by modulating the immune response but is not the most commonly used immune suppressant overall.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct route for administering peginterferon alfa 2b (PEG-INTRON) is subcutaneously (SQ). This route ensures slow and sustained absorption, maintaining stable drug levels. Administering IM could lead to erratic absorption. Intralesional administration is localized and not suitable for systemic effects. Orally, the drug would be destroyed by the digestive system, rendering it ineffective. SQ is the most appropriate route for PEG-INTRON to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.