ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
How do hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid regulate the calcium concentration of the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thyroid's calcitonin lowers blood calcium, depositing it in bones, while parathyroid hormone (PTH) raises it, mobilizing bone calcium and kidney reabsorption. Reversing this (PTH lowering, calcitonin raising) defies physiology. T3/T4 (thyroxine, triiodothyronine) regulate metabolism, not calcium. Including all thyroid hormones (T3, T4, calcitonin) with PTH overstates only calcitonin pairs with PTH. This antagonistic balance distinguishes calcium regulation, key to skeletal and blood homeostasis.
Question 2 of 5
Estrogens and progesterone are produced by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ovaries produce estrogens and progesterone, driving female reproductive cycles and traits. Testes produce testosterone, adrenals minor sex hormones, and hypothalamus GnRH not estrogens/progesterone. Ovarian production distinguishes these hormones' source, essential for female endocrinology, contrasting with male or regulatory glands.
Question 3 of 5
The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thyroid hormone (T3/T4) sets cellular metabolic rate, influencing energy production body-wide. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin manage calcium, aldosterone fluid/electrolytes not metabolism universally. Thyroid hormone's broad metabolic control distinguishes it, essential for energy regulation, contrasting with ion-specific hormones.
Question 4 of 5
Target cells for hypothalamic releasing hormones are in the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothalamic releasing hormones (e.g., TRH, GnRH) target anterior pituitary cells, stimulating hormone release (e.g., TSH, FSH). Thyroid responds to TSH, hypothalamus produces, posterior pituitary stores ADH/oxytocin. Anterior pituitary targeting distinguishes this axis, vital for endocrine regulation, contrasting with storage or effector glands.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following pairs of endocrine glands is located in the brain?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hypothalamus (forebrain) and pineal (epithalamus) are brain-located endocrine glands; the former regulates via releasing hormones, the latter secretes melatonin for sleep. Thymus (chest), parathyroid (neck), and thyroid (neck) are external. Only hypothalamus, pineal, and pituitary (also brain) fit, but 'hypothalamus and pineal' is the pair. This brain-centric role distinguishes them, key to neuroendocrine integration, contrasting with peripheral glands.