ATI RN
Endocrine System Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
How do hormones affect target tissues?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because hormones are released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands and travel to specific target tissues, where they bind to receptors on the surface or within the cells. This binding triggers a series of cellular responses that regulate various physiological processes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because hormones do not affect target tissues through the digestive system, nervous system, or by secreting mucus. Hormones act specifically by binding to receptors on target cells to initiate their effects.
Question 2 of 5
When teaching the patient with diabetes about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction for the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rotate injection sites from arms to thighs to abdomen with each injection to prevent lipodystrophies. This instruction is essential because rotating injection sites helps prevent the development of lipodystrophies, which are localized skin changes that can affect insulin absorption and lead to inconsistent blood glucose levels. By rotating sites, the patient ensures that insulin is absorbed consistently and avoids potential complications. Option A is incorrect because pulling back on the plunger after inserting the needle to check for blood is not recommended practice for insulin injections. This technique is used for intramuscular injections to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel, but for subcutaneous insulin injections, it is unnecessary. Option B is incorrect because while it is important to use the correct size of insulin syringe for accurate dosing, using the same size consistently does not prevent dosing errors. Patients should use the syringe size prescribed by their healthcare provider. Option C is incorrect because cleaning the skin with an alcohol swab before each injection is no longer recommended due to the potential drying effect of alcohol on the skin. It is now advised to wash the injection site with soap and water and allow it to air dry before administering insulin. In an educational context, teaching patients with diabetes about proper insulin administration is crucial for their self-care and management of the condition. Providing clear and accurate instructions, such as rotating injection sites, helps patients maintain optimal insulin absorption, prevent complications, and achieve better control of their blood glucose levels.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse working in an outpatient clinic plans a screening program for diabetes. What recommendations for screening should be included?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years. This recommendation aligns with the guidelines from major health organizations like the American Diabetes Association, which suggests screening for diabetes in asymptomatic adults starting at age 45, and then every 3 years thereafter. This approach is evidence-based and cost-effective in identifying individuals at risk for diabetes. Option A) OGTT for all minority populations every year is not recommended as a routine screening test for diabetes in asymptomatic individuals. OGTT is more invasive, time-consuming, and costly compared to FPG, making it less feasible for widespread screening programs. Option C) Testing people under the age of 21 for islet cell antibodies is not a standard screening method for diabetes in the general population. Islet cell antibodies are more relevant in the context of autoimmune type 1 diabetes and are not routinely used for mass screening purposes. Option D) Testing for type 2 diabetes in all overweight or obese individuals is not as specific or efficient as the age-based screening recommended in option B. While obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, screening solely based on weight status may miss individuals who develop diabetes at a younger age or those with normal weight but other risk factors. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind age-appropriate screening recommendations for diabetes is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide evidence-based care. By following established guidelines, nurses can effectively identify individuals at risk for diabetes, initiate early interventions, and promote better health outcomes. It is essential for healthcare providers to stay updated on screening recommendations to deliver high-quality patient care.
Question 4 of 5
The patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the scenario of a patient diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the nurse should expect to find decreased urinary output as the correct manifestation. SIADH is characterized by the excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention by the kidneys and decreased urine output. Option A, decreased body weight, is incorrect because SIADH causes water retention, not weight loss. Option C, increased plasma osmolality, is incorrect because SIADH leads to dilution of the blood, causing decreased plasma osmolality. Option D, increased serum sodium levels, is incorrect because in SIADH, the excessive water retention dilutes the blood, resulting in decreased serum sodium levels, a condition known as hyponatremia. Educationally, understanding the manifestations of SIADH is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care to patients with this condition. By grasping the pathophysiology of SIADH and its effects on body fluid regulation, nurses can implement interventions to manage water balance and prevent complications related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. This knowledge is essential in ensuring patient safety and promoting optimal outcomes in clinical practice.
Question 5 of 5
When providing discharge instructions to a patient who had a subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, what should the nurse teach the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) Never miss a daily dose of thyroid replacement therapy. After a subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, the patient's thyroid hormone production will be reduced, necessitating lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy to maintain normal bodily functions. Missing doses can lead to hypothyroidism symptoms, which can negatively impact the patient's health and quality of life. Option B) Avoid regular exercise until thyroid function is normalized is incorrect. While the patient may need to temporarily limit strenuous activities post-surgery, regular exercise is important for overall health. It should be gradually reintroduced based on the healthcare provider's recommendations. Option C) Using warm saltwater gargles several times a day to relieve throat pain is unrelated to post-thyroidectomy care. Throat pain may occur due to the surgical incision, but specific post-operative instructions regarding wound care and pain management should be provided instead. Option D) Substantially reduce caloric intake compared to what was eaten before surgery is incorrect. While some dietary modifications may be necessary post-thyroidectomy, such as avoiding certain foods that interfere with thyroid function, drastically reducing caloric intake without proper guidance can lead to nutritional deficiencies and other health issues. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand the critical role of thyroid replacement therapy in managing patients post-thyroidectomy. Emphasizing the lifelong nature of this therapy and the consequences of non-adherence can help students grasp the significance of patient education in promoting optimal health outcomes. Additionally, highlighting the need for individualized post-operative care tailored to each patient's specific needs reinforces the importance of personalized nursing interventions.