How do baroreceptors regulate the heart rate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because baroreceptors sense changes in blood pressure and send signals to the brain. When blood pressure is high, baroreceptors signal the brain to decrease heart rate via the parasympathetic nervous system. When blood pressure is low, baroreceptors signal the brain to increase heart rate via the sympathetic nervous system. This regulatory mechanism helps maintain blood pressure within a normal range. Choice A is incorrect because it does not mention the role of baroreceptors in sensing blood pressure changes. Choice B is incorrect because it does not explain the specific mechanism by which baroreceptors regulate heart rate. Choice D is incorrect because it does not address the involvement of the brain in the regulation of heart rate by baroreceptors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cerebral emboli may occur. After a TMR procedure, there is a risk of small blood clots (emboli) forming and traveling to the brain, leading to potential neurological complications. Assessing the client's mental status can help detect any signs of cerebral emboli, such as confusion or altered consciousness. Summary: A: Cerebral hemorrhage is not a common complication of TMR. B: Severe headache is not specific to cerebral emboli. C: Loss of consciousness can occur due to various reasons post-TMR, but it is not directly related to cerebral emboli.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Teaching about non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic BP management is essential for client empowerment and adherence. 2. Education on lifestyle changes and medications helps clients make informed decisions. 3. Assessing knowledge levels enables tailored interventions for optimal BP control. Summary: A: Monitoring temperature in different positions is not directly related to assessing hypertension. C: Taking BP in multiple positions is important for orthostatic hypotension assessment, not primary hypertension evaluation. D: Weighing the client daily does not directly address hypertension assessment or management.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cor pulmonale. This condition is characterized by right-sided heart failure due to lung damage, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Lung damage can result from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other lung diseases, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood through the lungs. This increased workload can eventually lead to right-sided heart failure. A: Myocardial infarction primarily affects the left side of the heart. C: Hypertension can lead to left-sided heart failure but not specifically right-sided heart failure. D: Cardiomyopathy is a broad term for diseases of the heart muscle and does not specifically predispose to right-sided heart failure due to lung damage.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Janeway lesions are associated with endocarditis due to septic emboli reaching the small vessels in the palms and soles. Endocarditis causes bacterial or fungal infection of the heart valves, leading to systemic emboli formation. These emboli can travel to various organs, including the skin, causing Janeway lesions. CAD (A) is not directly related to Janeway lesions. Hyperlipidemia (B) is a risk factor for CAD but not specifically associated with Janeway lesions. CHF (D) is a condition of the heart's inability to pump effectively and does not directly cause Janeway lesions.