How can health professionals address social determinants of health?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because advocating for policy changes can address systemic issues that impact social determinants of health on a larger scale. Health professionals have the potential to influence policies that can improve access to healthcare, housing, education, and other social factors that impact health outcomes. Providing direct care (A) addresses immediate needs but does not address root causes. Health screenings (C) focus on early detection but do not tackle underlying social determinants. Educating about healthy lifestyle behaviors (D) is important but may not address the broader social context that influences health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because directly asking the client about their reading level allows for self-assessment, which is crucial in understanding their actual ability. This approach respects client autonomy and provides an opportunity for open communication. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on health literacy rather than overall reading level. Option C is incorrect because completed years of education may not necessarily reflect reading ability accurately. Option D is incorrect as it assumes a standardized literacy tool can accurately capture an individual's reading level without considering personal context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because by encouraging active participation and sharing personal examples, the facilitator helps attendees engage with the material, apply concepts to real-life situations, and deepen their understanding through experiential learning. This approach fosters a more interactive and dynamic learning environment, enhancing retention and application of knowledge. A is incorrect because the facilitator's aim is to enhance learning, not avoid preparation. B is incorrect as the primary focus is on facilitating learning, not just making participants feel appreciated. D is incorrect as while the facilitator may align with Freire's principles, the main rationale is to promote active participation and learning by doing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange approach is evidence-based and widely recognized for behavior change. Asking about behavior, advising to change, assessing readiness, assisting in making changes, and arranging follow-ups are key steps in effective behavior change interventions. Encouraging interaction with others (B) may help, but not as structured as A. Guilt-tripping (C) can lead to resistance and harm the therapeutic relationship. Subtle rewards (D) may provide short-term motivation but lack the systematic approach of A.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct: 1. Critical theory focuses on analyzing power dynamics and social structures that lead to oppression within society. 2. It emphasizes enabling group action to challenge and transform these oppressive structures. 3. In nursing, critical theory promotes advocacy for marginalized populations and addressing social determinants of health. 4. Health Belief Model and Orem's theory focus more on individual behavior and self-care, whereas critical theory looks beyond individual actions to systemic issues. Summary: A - Incorrect. Critical theory is not exclusive to nurses; it can be utilized by professionals in various fields to address social injustices. C - Incorrect. Critical theory is directly associated with health promotion through addressing social inequalities and advocating for social change. D - Incorrect. While critical theory may challenge individual beliefs as part of addressing systemic issues, its primary focus is on social structures and group action.