ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hormonal agents are used to treat some cancers. An example would be:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen antagonists, such as drugs like Tamoxifen or Fulvestrant, are commonly used to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. These cancer cells have receptors that can bind to estrogen, stimulating their growth. By using estrogen antagonists, the estrogen receptors on the cancer cells are blocked, inhibiting their growth and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. This makes estrogen antagonists an effective hormonal agent for treating breast cancer.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse plans medication education for a client who receives a prescription for sildenafil (Viagra). What will the best plan by the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has a dosing limit of one pill per 24 hours to avoid risks like prolonged erections or hypotension, a key safety point for education. Grapefruit juice increases sildenafil levels by inhibiting metabolism, not decreasing effects, risking intensified side effects. It's optimally taken 1 hour before sex, effective up to 4 hours-not 6-setting realistic timing expectations. Food, especially high-fat meals, delays absorption, so it's best on an empty stomach. The 24-hour limit ensures safe use, balancing efficacy with minimizing adverse effects, aligning with prescribing standards and making it the priority in client teaching.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin (Garamycin). Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentamicin risks ototoxicity, causing tinnitus (ringing, choice A), a serious sign needing immediate reporting to prevent hearing loss. Food doesn't apply'IV delivery. Calcium is irrelevant. Stopping early risks resistance. Reporting tinnitus aligns with gentamicin's toxicity profile, critical in therapy where auditory damage is irreversible, making A the key instruction.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department who was found drinking antifreeze while the father was working on their car. A primary component of antifreeze is ethylene glycol, an alcohol converted to toxic metabolites by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. To prevent toxicity, the physician could administer ethanol, which would compete with ethylene glycol for the enzyme. In order to avoid administering ethanol to this patient, the physician could instead give which of the following drugs that would also prevent metabolism of ethylene glycol?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethylene glycol toxicity requires blocking alcohol dehydrogenase. Fomepizole inhibits this enzyme, preventing toxic metabolite formation. Bicarbonate treats acidosis, not metabolism. Disulfiram blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase. Furosemide and Methanol (E) are irrelevant. Fomepizole's specificity avoids ethanol's risks in a child, ensuring safe detoxification.
Question 5 of 5
When administering the drug lithium, name one important side effect to watch for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: One important side effect to watch for when administering the drug lithium is seizures. Lithium is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, but it can lower the seizure threshold and increase the risk of seizures in some patients. It is crucial to monitor individuals taking lithium for any signs of seizures or seizure activity and to promptly address any such occurrences. Regular monitoring of lithium levels and adjusting the dosage as necessary can help minimize the risk of seizures in patients receiving this medication.