ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Heparin:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heparin is an anticoagulant that enhances the activity of antithrombin III, a natural inhibitor of thrombin and factor Xa, to prevent clotting. The statement that it inhibits clotting by decreasing antithrombin III effects is false, as heparin actually potentiates antithrombin III, making this the incorrect option. Its oral bioavailability is negligible (not 20-30%), as it's a large polysaccharide requiring parenteral administration (e.g., IV or subcutaneous), so this is false. Heparin is highly plasma protein-bound, not low, contradicting that option. The correct statement, replaced in the fourth slot, is that heparin binds to antithrombin III, causing a conformational change that accelerates its anticoagulant effect. This mechanism is fundamental to its clinical use in thrombosis prevention, distinguishing it from oral anticoagulants like warfarin.
Question 2 of 5
A client with bell's palsy tells the nurse that acetaminophen (Tylenol) is taken daily as prescribed by the physician. Which laboratory value would indicate a toxicity of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) toxicity primarily affects the liver and can result in hepatic injury. When the liver is damaged, it can lead to the elevation of liver enzymes and other markers of liver function. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of kidney function, not liver function. Therefore, an elevated BUN level would not indicate acetaminophen toxicity. In cases of acetaminophen overdose, the liver enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), would typically be elevated, indicating liver damage.
Question 3 of 5
A 44-year-old man is found dead in his home by the police. Reports indicate that the man was heating his one-room apartment with a kerosene space heater. He was found because other people in the apartment complex that he lives at developed headache, lethargy, and confusion. What is the most likely explanation for these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kerosene heater use causing death and symptoms (headache, lethargy) points to carbon monoxide poisoning . CO binds hemoglobin, causing hypoxia. Pneumonia , cyanide , and silica don't fit. CO's silent lethality explains the scenario.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is conducting medication education for patients with hypertension. The focus of the education is on enhancing the absorption of their medications. The nurse determines that learning has occurred when the patients make which statement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Food can affect drug absorption (e.g., calcium in dairy binding antihypertensives), so caution with meals enhances efficacy, showing learning. Expired drugs lose potency, risking failure. Storage matters-heat/light degrade drugs. Dairy avoidance is specific, not broad enough. General food caution reflects pharmacokinetic awareness, key for hypertension management.
Question 5 of 5
The basic metric unit for the measurement of volume :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The basic metric unit for the measurement of volume is the liter. Although all the other options are also units used for measuring volume, the liter is considered the basic metric unit. It is often used for measuring larger volumes of liquids or gases. The other options are subunits of a liter: