Hemostatic agents that arrest the flow of blood from small vessels by precipitating the tissue proteins in the immediate area:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Styptics and astringents are hemostatic agents that work by precipitating tissue proteins in the immediate area of a small vessel to stop bleeding. Styptics such as alum, silver nitrate, and ferric subsulfate directly induce coagulation at the site of bleeding, forming a protective scab to stop the flow of blood. Astringents like tannic acid work by tightening the tissue proteins around the blood vessel to create a seal and halt bleeding. These agents are commonly used in the management of minor cuts and wounds to promote hemostasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Enteric-coated aspirin reduces GI irritation, an accurate statement for pain management. High doses are for anticoagulation, not pain. Herbs increase bleeding risk, not inflammation relief. Low doses prevent clotting, not inflammation. B enhances safety, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a patient who is severely anemic, the primary goal is to raise the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) contain a concentrated dose of red blood cells and are given to increase oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of significant anemia. Fresh frozen plasma, albumin, and whole blood do not specifically address the issue of low hemoglobin levels, making them less appropriate choices for this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has anticholinergic effects, including urinary retention , a medical emergency risking bladder damage or infection, needing immediate intervention. Dry mouth and constipation are common, manageable side effects. Drowsiness is expected with its sedative action. Urinary retention's severity'potential for acute retention'sets it apart, requiring rapid reporting or catheterization. This aligns with amitriptyline's blockade of muscarinic receptors, where bladder dysfunction can escalate fast, making C the finding demanding urgent attention over chronic annoyances.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacotherapeutics applies drugs to treat diseases and alleviate suffering, combining pharmacology and therapeutic intent, a precise term. Biologics are drug types, not application. Alternative therapies use non-drug methods. Therapeutics is broader, but pharmacotherapeutics specifies drug use, aligning with the definition and clinical practice.