ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hemostatic agent that reduces bleeding by local vasoconstriction:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Styptics are hemostatic agents that work by causing local vasoconstriction, which helps reduce bleeding. This vasoconstriction is achieved through their astringent properties, which constrict blood vessels and promote blood clotting at the site of application. Sympathomimetics, while also working to constrict blood vessels, do so systemically and are not specifically used for local hemostasis. Mechanical agents, such as pressure or sutures, physically help to stop bleeding but do not induce vasoconstriction. Thrombin is an enzyme involved in the clotting cascade but does not directly cause vasoconstriction.
Question 2 of 5
Adalimumab (Humira) is given to a client for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following side effect is associated with the medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor, is associated with weight gain as a potential side effect. This may occur due to fluid retention or changes in metabolism. Numbness, constipation, and urinary retention are not commonly linked to adalimumab. Weight gain is a significant consideration for patients, as it can impact their overall health and adherence to treatment. Monitoring for this side effect is important, and dietary or lifestyle interventions may be necessary to manage it effectively.
Question 3 of 5
A 31-year-old male patient has been prescribed propranolol to reduce and prevent angina. What will the nurse assess this patient for related to the medication? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adverse effects of propranolol that the nurse would assess for include allergic reaction, bradycardia, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, impotence, decreased exercise tolerance, and bronchospasm. The nurse should monitor for these adverse effects and intervene as needed to ensure patient safety.
Question 4 of 5
Potential causes for respiratory alkalosis include
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) is excessively exhaled, raising blood pH. Hyperventilation is a primary cause, as rapid breathing reduces CO2, a respiratory acid, leading to alkalosis—common in anxiety, fever, or hypoxia. Hypotension or hypertension affects circulation, not ventilation rate directly, and aren't causes. Hypoventilation retains CO2, causing acidosis, not alkalosis. The nurse identifies hyperventilation as the physiological trigger, aligning with acid-base balance principles, making choice D the accurate cause in this context.
Question 5 of 5
A 42-year-old woman with a 1-year history of rheumatoid arthritis comes to see you complaining of worsening symptoms. She has been taking leflunomide. You know that IL-1 and TNF-α are two key cytokines involved in the negative sequelae of rheumatoid arthritis. You decide to give her anakinra to interfere with IL-1 signaling. Which of the following is the most common side effect of anakinra administration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anakinra, an IL-1 antagonist, commonly causes injection site reactions , due to subcutaneous delivery. Blurry vision , diarrhea , headache , and nausea (E) are less frequent. This local irritation is expected in RA treatment escalation.