ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) is prevented by administration of single dose of vitamin K (1 mg)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IM vitamin K (D) at 1 mg prevents HDN effectively, per AAP recommendations.
Question 2 of 5
All the following statements regarding ABO incompatibility are true EXCEPT
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ABO incompatibility affects firstborns (B), is milder than Rh (C), common (D), and mild (E). It doesn’t worsen with pregnancies (A), unlike Rh.
Question 3 of 5
Arterial blood gas analysis (BGA) should perform in all infants with significant respiratory distress, whether or not cyanosis is perceived. All the following are true about a normal values of arterial BGA in term infants EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal term infant PaOâ‚‚ rises to 75-80 mm Hg by 4-24 hours (D, E). 55-60 mm Hg (C) is too low for 30 minutes, per norms.
Question 4 of 5
A 13-month-old previously healthy child presents on New Year's Eve with a 1-day history of fever, lethargy, and left-side focal motor seizure activity. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reveals 170 lymphocytes $/ \mathrm{mm}^3, 400$ red blood cells $/ \mathrm{mm}^3$, protein of $150 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$, and normal glucose level. MRI scan reveals right temporal abnormalities. The single most appropriate therapy to begin empirically while awaiting definitive diagnosis would be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HSV encephalitis, suggested by temporal lobe findings and CSF lymphocytosis, requires urgent acyclovir treatment.
Question 5 of 5
Antimotility agents have a role in therapy of acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers with gastroenteritis due to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antimotility agents are contraindicated in infectious diarrhea in children due to risk of prolonged illness or complications.