Hematochezia is found with:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Hematochezia refers to the passage of bright red blood in the stool, typically originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding would present as melena (dark, tarry stool). Choice A is incorrect as hematochezia does not indicate upper GI bleeding. Choice C is incorrect because hematochezia specifically points to lower GI bleeding. Choice D is incorrect as hematochezia is associated with lower GI bleeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Choice A: The center of defecation (Parasympathetic and anal reflexes) is in the sacral segments. In the defecation process, the sacral segments of the spinal cord play a crucial role in coordinating the parasympathetic and anal reflexes that control bowel movements. This is supported by the fact that damage to the sacral segments can lead to bowel dysfunction, such as in spinal cord injuries affecting these segments. The sacral segments are specifically responsible for regulating the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter and contraction of the rectum during defecation. Summary of Other Choices: B: Voluntary control of defecation is located in the medulla. This is incorrect as voluntary control of defecation is primarily regulated by higher brain centers, such as the cerebral cortex, and not in the medulla. C: The center for swallowing reflex is at the level of the spinal cord. This is incorrect as the center for the

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The Chief cell secretes pepsinogen, which is the inactive precursor of pepsin. Pepsinogen is later activated to pepsin by the acidic pH in the stomach. This process is essential for protein digestion. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Hydrogen and chloride ion secretion is mainly done by parietal cells, B) Pepsin is not secreted by Chief cells, and C) Gastrin is secreted by G cells, not Chief cells. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Small intestine. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients, such as amino acids and fatty acids, occurs. This is because the small intestine contains villi and microvilli, which increase the surface area for absorption. Additionally, the small intestine secretes enzymes and bile to break down nutrients into smaller molecules for absorption. The stomach primarily aids in digestion, the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, and the esophagus is a passageway for food to reach the stomach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because planning methods for turning the patient after surgery is a task that can be safely delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). This task does not require specialized nursing knowledge or assessment skills. The nurse can provide clear instructions and guidelines for turning the patient to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers. Choices A, C, and D involve tasks that require specialized nursing knowledge and skills. Demonstrating the use of the incentive spirometer (A) requires knowledge of respiratory care, assisting with IV insertion (C) involves aseptic technique and assessment skills, and developing strategies to provide privacy (D) involves patient-centered care and communication skills.