ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Hematemesis is an indication of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hematemesis refers to vomiting blood, which typically originates from the upper gastrointestinal tract. 2. Blood from the lower gastrointestinal tract is usually passed through the rectum as melena or hematochezia. 3. Therefore, hematemesis is a clear indication of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. 4. Choice A is correct because hematemesis specifically points to upper GI bleeding. Summary: - Choice B is incorrect because lower GI bleeding does not typically present with vomiting blood. - Choice C is incorrect as hematemesis is specific to upper GI bleeding. - Choice D is incorrect as hematemesis indicates an issue in the upper GI tract.
Question 2 of 5
Metabolic rate is high in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic rate is high in pregnancy due to increased energy demands for fetal growth. After a heavy meal, metabolic rate increases to process and digest food. Hypothyroidism actually slows down metabolic rate. Option D is correct because both pregnancy and postprandial state increase metabolic rate, while hypothyroidism decreases it.
Question 3 of 5
In most regions of the GI tract, smooth muscle fibres of the muscularis are arranged into:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in most regions of the GI tract, the smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis layer are arranged with circular muscle fibers in the inner layer followed by longitudinal muscle fibers in the outer layer. This arrangement allows for peristalsis, the coordinated and rhythmic contractions that move food along the digestive tract. Circular muscles constrict the lumen of the tract, while longitudinal muscles shorten or lengthen the organ. This arrangement is crucial for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the typical arrangement of smooth muscle fibers in the GI tract. Choice B reverses the order of the muscle layers, which would disrupt peristalsis. Choice C is vague and does not provide a specific and accurate description of the muscle arrangement. Choice D includes the serosa layer, which is not part of the muscularis layer where the smooth muscle fibers are located.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pancreas. The pancreas is an accessory organ of digestion that produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The pancreas also produces digestive enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. A: Liver - The liver is not an organ that produces insulin. It plays a role in metabolism and detoxification. B: Stomach - The stomach is not involved in producing insulin. It primarily functions in the digestion of food. D: Gallbladder - The gallbladder stores and releases bile, which aids in digestion. It does not produce insulin.
Question 5 of 5
After abdominal surgery, a patient with protein calorie malnutrition is receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Which is the best indicator that the patient is receiving adequate nutrition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Surgical incision is healing normally. This is the best indicator of adequate nutrition post-abdominal surgery in a malnourished patient receiving PN. Adequate nutrition supports wound healing, so a normally healing incision indicates sufficient protein and calories for tissue repair. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Serum albumin level may take longer to reflect changes in nutrition status, B) Fluid balance does not directly reflect nutritional status, and C) Incomplete answer.