Healthy physical development is dependent upon nutrition, brain development, muscle and bone. Which of the following is NOT APPROPRIATE for physical development of a pre schooler?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a preschooler, it is recommended that they get more than 8 hours of sleep each day. Adequate sleep is crucial for their physical development, overall health, and cognitive function. Preschoolers typically need around 10-13 hours of sleep per day to support their growth and development. Getting less than the recommended amount of sleep can lead to issues such as behavioral problems, difficulty concentrating, and poor physical development. Therefore, ensuring that a preschooler gets enough sleep is vital for their physical well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Administering oxygen inhalation is the priority nursing action for a patient presenting with clinical manifestations related to endocrine disorders. Patients with hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and hypothyroidism can all experience respiratory distress due to various reasons such as thyroid storm, adrenal crisis, or myxedema coma. Oxygen inhalation helps improve oxygenation and tissue perfusion, providing immediate support to the patient's respiratory system. It is crucial to ensure adequate oxygenation before addressing other assessments or interventions. Once the patient's breathing is stabilized, further assessments and treatments can be initiated as necessary.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assessing the mental status of the patient is the PRIORITY nursing action to determine the patient's ability to concentrate and focus. This assessment includes evaluating the patient's level of alertness, orientation, memory, thought processes, and mood. By observing the patient's mental status, the nurse can gain valuable information about the patient's cognitive function, attention span, and ability to concentrate. This assessment will help guide further interventions and care planning for the patient. Asking for academic performance or conducting paper and pencil tests may be useful tools to assess concentration and focus, but they should come after a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's mental status. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may be necessary based on the assessment findings, but it should not be the first step in determining the patient's ability to concentrate and focus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Physiologic jaundice among newborn babies typically occurs between the 2nd and the 3rd day after birth. This type of jaundice is considered normal and harmless and is caused by the breakdown of red blood cells and the immaturity of the newborn baby's liver in processing bilirubin. The bilirubin levels rise in the blood, leading to a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes. This type of jaundice usually peaks around the 3rd to 4th day after birth and then gradually resolves without treatment within the first week of life. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor bilirubin levels and ensure that they do not reach dangerous levels that could potentially harm the newborn.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Confirmability is the criteria of trustworthiness that refers to the degree to which the findings of a study are based on the data itself and not on the biases, motivations, or interests of the researchers. In this scenario, returning to the participants to confirm the accuracy of the emerged themes is a way to ensure the confirmability of the study findings. By involving the participants in the validation process, the researchers are seeking to verify that the themes identified truly reflect the experiences of the pregnant women in labor as reported by the participants. This practice enhances the credibility and trustworthiness of the study's findings by confirming their alignment with the participants' perspectives and experiences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Administering ice packs to the perineum is the priority nursing intervention to provide relief for perineal pain and discomfort in a postpartum client. Ice packs help to reduce swelling and inflammation in the perineal area, which can help alleviate pain. It is a safe and effective method to provide immediate relief and promote comfort for the client. Other interventions such as encouraging ambulation, administering analgesics, and recommending warm sitz baths can also be beneficial, but in the initial management of perineal pain, ice packs are the most appropriate choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the patient's presentation of a painless thyroid nodule and hoarseness of voice is consistent with papillary thyroid carcinoma, a type of thyroid cancer. While Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease are autoimmune thyroid conditions that can lead to thyroid nodules, they typically do not present with hoarseness of voice. Diabetes mellitus does not directly cause these symptoms. Thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, is the most likely cause based on the patient's clinical presentation and the biopsy results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Zenker's diverticulum is a condition in which there is a pouch or sac that forms at the posterior pharyngeal wall above the upper esophageal sphincter. It can present with symptoms such as sensation of a foreign body stuck in the throat, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and odynophagia (painful swallowing). Flexible laryngoscopy can reveal a submucosal mass arising from the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is characteristic of Zenker's diverticulum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is asking the patient to elaborate on their feelings and thoughts related to the upcoming surgery. By asking, "What do you fear MOST about your surgery tomorrow?" the nurse is seeking clarification to better understand the patient's concerns and enable effective communication. Seeking clarification involves asking open-ended questions that encourage the patient to express themselves more fully, allowing the healthcare provider to address their specific worries or needs more effectively.