he theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by observation is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of the Family Centered Care Nursing Model, understanding the theorist who believes that human behavior is influenced by observation is crucial. The correct answer is D) Albert Bandura. Bandura's Social Learning Theory emphasizes the importance of observational learning and modeling in shaping behavior. In the nursing context, this means that individuals, including patients and families, can learn new behaviors and responses by observing others. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Sigmund Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory which focuses on the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences influencing behavior, not observation. B) Carl Rogers is associated with the humanistic perspective and client-centered therapy, emphasizing empathy and unconditional positive regard rather than observation. C) B.F. Skinner is known for his work on operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped through reinforcement and punishment, not primarily through observation. Educationally, understanding the contributions of different theorists helps nurses apply appropriate strategies in patient care. By recognizing Bandura's emphasis on observational learning, nurses can incorporate modeling and guided participation to promote positive behaviors in patients and families within the Family Centered Care Nursing Model. This knowledge enhances the nurse's ability to support and facilitate behavior change effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of the Family Centered Care Nursing Model, understanding human behavior is crucial for providing effective care to patients and their families. The correct answer to the question is A) Sigmund Freud. Freud is known for his psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes the role of unconscious motives in shaping human behavior. In nursing practice, this understanding can help nurses uncover underlying issues affecting family dynamics and health outcomes. Option B) Carl Rogers is associated with humanistic psychology, which focuses on self-actualization and personal growth rather than unconscious motives. While Rogers' client-centered approach is valuable in nursing for promoting empathy and understanding, it does not directly address unconscious influences on behavior. Option C) B.F. Skinner is a behaviorist who believed that behavior is shaped by external stimuli through operant conditioning. While behaviorism is relevant in nursing for understanding how behaviors are learned and can be modified, it does not delve into unconscious motives like Freud's theory. Option D) Albert Bandura is known for his social learning theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning and self-efficacy in behavior. Bandura's theory is important in nursing for understanding how patients learn and model behaviors, but it does not focus on unconscious motives as Freud's psychoanalytic theory does. In summary, understanding Freud's perspective on unconscious motives is essential in the Family Centered Care Nursing Model as it provides insights into underlying factors influencing behavior within families. By recognizing these unconscious influences, nurses can better support families in achieving holistic health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of the Family Centered Care Nursing Model, understanding child development stages is crucial for providing appropriate care and support. The correct answer to the question is option C) Concrete operational stage. During the Concrete operational stage, typically occurring between ages 7 to 11, children start to develop the ability to think logically about concrete events and understand the concept of conservation. This stage is characterized by the ability to perform logical operations but only in the presence of concrete objects or situations. Option A) Sensorimotor stage, as proposed by Piaget, occurs from birth to around age 2. During this stage, children learn about the world through sensory experiences and motor actions, focusing on the here and now rather than abstract reasoning. Option B) Preoperational stage, which occurs roughly between ages 2 to 7, is characterized by egocentrism, symbolic play, and language development. Logical reasoning is not fully developed during this stage. Option D) Formal operational stage, which typically emerges around age 11 and continues into adulthood, involves the development of abstract thinking, hypothesis testing, and deductive reasoning. This stage goes beyond concrete operations and into more complex, abstract thought processes. Understanding these developmental stages is essential for nurses working within the Family Centered Care model, as it allows them to tailor their communication, education, and support to match the child's cognitive abilities and promote optimal health outcomes. By recognizing where a child falls in the developmental spectrum, nurses can adapt their approaches to ensure effective care delivery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Formal operational. In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the formal operational stage is typically reached during adolescence and is characterized by the ability to think abstractly and to consider hypothetical situations. This stage allows individuals to engage in complex problem-solving, think about future possibilities, and set goals for themselves. Option A) Pre-operational is incorrect because this stage, which occurs in early childhood, is marked by egocentrism and lack of understanding of conservation or reversibility. Option B) Concrete operational is also incorrect as this stage, typically reached in middle childhood, involves the ability to think logically about concrete events and objects, but not abstract concepts or future aspirations. Option C) Sensorimotor is the first stage in Piaget's theory, occurring in infancy, characterized by sensory experiences and motor actions to learn about the world. Understanding the stages of cognitive development is crucial for nurses practicing family-centered care as it helps them tailor their interactions and interventions based on the child's developmental stage. By recognizing that children in the formal operational stage can think about future goals and aspirations, nurses can better support their autonomy, decision-making, and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Cognitive theory. In the context of the question regarding foolish sexuality leading to neurosis, the cognitive theory is most relevant. Cognitive theory, in psychology, focuses on how an individual's thoughts and perceptions influence their behavior and emotions. In the case of foolish sexuality leading to neurosis, cognitive theory would suggest that maladaptive thought patterns or beliefs about sexuality could contribute to the development of neurosis. A) Controlling theory does not directly address the relationship between sexuality and neurosis from a cognitive perspective. It is more related to the exertion of power and authority. B) Leading theory is a vague option that does not specifically relate to the cognitive processes involved in the development of neurosis. C) Counseling theory is more focused on therapeutic approaches and techniques rather than explaining the cognitive mechanisms underlying the development of neurosis from foolish sexuality. In an educational context, understanding different psychological theories is crucial for nurses practicing family-centered care. By grasping cognitive theory, nurses can better comprehend how individuals' thoughts and beliefs about sexuality can impact their mental health. This knowledge enables nurses to provide more holistic care that addresses the cognitive aspects of their patients' well-being.