Hand rub performing within time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 25-30 seconds. This is the recommended time for hand rub to effectively kill germs and bacteria on the hands. Rubbing the hands together for 25-30 seconds ensures that all surfaces of the hands are covered and the hand rub has enough time to dry. This duration is considered sufficient to achieve proper hand hygiene and prevent the spread of infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Encourage open communication and feedback. This option is the most effective way for a nurse manager to overcome resistance to a planned change because it fosters a culture of transparency, trust, and collaboration within the team. By encouraging open communication, the nurse manager can address concerns, gather feedback, and involve staff in the change process, leading to greater acceptance and buy-in from the team. Option A is incorrect because using threats or coercion to force compliance can lead to resentment, low morale, and a negative work environment. This approach does not promote a supportive or respectful relationship between the nurse manager and the staff. Option B is incorrect because implementing change rapidly and all at once can be overwhelming for staff, leading to resistance, confusion, and potential errors in the transition process. Gradual implementation allows for adjustment and training, increasing the likelihood of successful adoption of the change. Option D is incorrect because simply informing staff that the change is mandated without providing rationale or opportunity for discussion does not address the underlying reasons for resistance. It can create a sense of powerlessness and decrease staff engagement in the change process. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurse managers to develop strong communication and leadership skills to effectively manage change within healthcare settings. Encouraging open communication and feedback not only facilitates successful change implementation but also promotes a positive work culture focused on continuous improvement and teamwork.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the appropriate diagnosis for the confused elderly woman who keeps attempting to remove tubes from her surgical incision and is placed in wrist restraints is "D) Risk for Disuse Syndrome." Rationale: - Correct Answer: "D) Risk for Disuse Syndrome" Disuse Syndrome is a condition characterized by physical inactivity leading to muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and decreased functional ability. Placing the patient in wrist restraints may restrict her movement, leading to disuse of her muscles and joints, putting her at risk for developing Disuse Syndrome. - Incorrect Answers: A) Risk for Contamination: While there may be a risk for contamination due to the presence of tubes and incisions, this is not the primary concern in this case. B) Risk for Trauma: Although the patient's actions may pose a risk for trauma, the use of wrist restraints is more related to preventing harm to the patient rather than the risk of trauma. C) Risk for Falls: While falls are a common risk for elderly patients, the use of wrist restraints is not primarily to prevent falls in this case but to ensure the safety of the patient by preventing her from removing tubes. Educational Context: It is crucial for nursing professionals to understand the rationale behind using restraints in clinical practice. Restraints should only be used as a last resort to ensure patient safety when all other alternatives have been exhausted. Nurses must continuously assess the patient's condition, implement least restrictive measures first, and monitor for any adverse effects of restraint use such as disuse syndrome. Proper documentation and regular reassessment are essential components of providing safe and effective care to patients requiring restraints.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct category of medication to administer to a patient with suspected anthrax exposure is antimicrobials (Option A). Anthrax is a serious bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis and requires prompt treatment with antibiotics to prevent severe complications and death. Antimicrobials are the most appropriate choice as they target and kill the anthrax bacteria, stopping the infection from spreading and allowing the patient to recover. Narcotics (Option B), antihistamines (Option C), and antacids (Option D) are not the correct choices in this situation. Narcotics are used for pain relief, antihistamines for allergy symptoms, and antacids for gastrointestinal issues, none of which address the underlying bacterial infection caused by anthrax. From an educational perspective, understanding the appropriate use of medications in specific clinical situations is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of potential bioterrorism agents like anthrax and knowing the appropriate treatment interventions are vital skills for healthcare professionals working in emergency settings. This question reinforces the importance of quick thinking and accurate decision-making in emergency situations to ensure patient safety and positive outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) side effect. In pharmacology, a side effect is an expected yet unintended consequence of a medication. It is important for nurses to understand the difference between adverse reactions, medication errors, near misses, and side effects. Adverse reactions (option A) are unexpected and harmful reactions to medications. These can be severe and may require immediate intervention. Medication errors (option B) occur when there is a mistake in the administration of a medication, such as giving the wrong dose or wrong medication to a patient. Near misses (option C) are errors that were caught before reaching the patient but have the potential to cause harm. Understanding the concept of side effects is crucial for nurses to anticipate and manage potential outcomes of drug therapy. By recognizing and monitoring for side effects, nurses can provide safe and effective care to their patients. This knowledge is essential for promoting client safety and optimizing patient outcomes in nursing practice.