Hand hygiene should be performed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hand hygiene should be performed before and after patient touching to prevent the spread of germs from the healthcare worker's hands to the patient or vice versa. It should also be performed after touching the patient's surroundings, such as bed rails or equipment, to reduce the risk of cross-contamination. Therefore, all the options mentioned above are correct and hand hygiene should be performed in all of these situations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the new quantum age, change is viewed as dynamic and constantly unfolding, making option B the correct answer. This is because in today's society, advancements in technology, communication, and information occur rapidly and unpredictably, leading to constant shifts and developments. Understanding and adapting to this dynamic nature of change is crucial for ensuring client safety in various professional settings. Option A is incorrect because change is not constant and predictable in the new quantum age. The rapid pace of technological advancements and societal shifts means that change is often unexpected and requires flexibility to navigate effectively. Option C is also incorrect as change is not evolving very slowly; on the contrary, it is happening at a rapid pace. Option D is incorrect as viewing change as an entity needing planning does not align with the dynamic and constantly unfolding nature of change in the current quantum age. From an educational standpoint, it is important for professionals in fields related to client safety to recognize and embrace the dynamic nature of change in today's society. By understanding that change is constantly unfolding, professionals can be better prepared to adapt and respond to emerging challenges and opportunities to ensure the safety and well-being of their clients. Developing skills in agility, critical thinking, and problem-solving is essential for effectively managing change in the new quantum age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of client safety in a healthcare setting, organizing as a managerial function involves effectively structuring and coordinating the workforce to ensure optimal patient care. The correct answer is C) workforce because organizing includes tasks such as staff scheduling, assigning responsibilities, and creating a cohesive team environment to deliver safe and quality care to clients. Option A) resources is incorrect because while organizing does involve managing resources, in this specific scenario, the focus is on organizing the workforce to ensure client safety. Option B) problems is incorrect as it is not a primary focus of the organizing function. While organizing may involve problem-solving related to workforce management, it is not the core element of this managerial function. Option D) evaluation is also incorrect in this context as evaluation typically comes after organizing, as a separate managerial function aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the organized processes and workforce. Educationally, understanding the managerial function of organizing in healthcare settings is crucial for nurses to effectively manage their teams and resources to promote client safety. By grasping the significance of organizing, nurses can ensure efficient workflow, clear communication, and ultimately provide high-quality care to their clients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) It is the RN who defines and supervises the education, training, and use of any unlicensed assistant roles. This principle is recommended by the American Nurses Association (ANA) to ensure client safety and quality care. This principle is essential because Registered Nurses (RNs) have the education, training, and clinical judgment necessary to determine the scope of practice for unlicensed assistive personnel (NAPs). RNs are responsible for delegating tasks to NAPs based on their competencies and providing proper supervision to ensure safe and effective care for clients. Option A is incorrect because while the nursing profession does determine the scope of nursing practice overall, it is the responsibility of individual RNs to define and supervise the roles of NAPs in their specific practice settings. Option C is incorrect because NAPs are not independently responsible for their nursing practice; they work under the direction and supervision of RNs. Option D is incorrect because the primary role of RNs is not to work in a supportive role to assistive personnel but to lead and coordinate the healthcare team, including delegating tasks to NAPs. Educationally, understanding the delegation and supervision of unlicensed assistive personnel is crucial for nursing students and practicing nurses to ensure safe and effective care delivery. By adhering to the ANA principles, nurses can maintain high standards of client safety and quality care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of client safety in healthcare, the correct answer is option D: "Safety is a paramount concern underlying all nursing care." This answer is correct because safety is indeed a foundational principle in nursing care. Ensuring the safety of patients is essential to promoting positive health outcomes and preventing harm. Nurses are trained to prioritize safety in every aspect of their practice, from medication administration to fall prevention to infection control. Without a safe environment, other aspects of care may be compromised. Option A is incorrect because healthcare providers, including nurses, do not exclude safety as a patient need; in fact, it is a fundamental aspect of patient-centered care. Option B is also incorrect as while self-care can contribute to safety, it is not solely responsible for ensuring patient safety in a healthcare setting. Option C is incorrect as safety is equally important as self-actualization, but in the context of patient care, safety takes precedence as it forms the basis for all nursing interventions. In an educational context, understanding the primacy of safety in patient care is crucial for nursing students and healthcare professionals. Emphasizing patient safety as a priority helps to instill a culture of quality care and ethical practice. By recognizing safety as a paramount concern, nurses can deliver effective, compassionate care while upholding the highest standards of practice and promoting positive patient outcomes.