ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. H+ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption in the renal tubules. This process occurs in the proximal tubule of the nephron, where H+ ions are secreted into the tubular lumen in exchange for reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. This mechanism helps regulate blood pH by maintaining a balance between acid and base in the body. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a valid explanation or relevant information related to the process of H+ secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day. Rationale: 1. Digoxin can cause hypokalemia as a side effect. 2. Diuretics can further lower potassium levels, leading to digoxin toxicity. 3. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. 4. Serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L is below normal range, indicating increased risk of toxicity. 5. Alerting the healthcare provider immediately is crucial to prevent severe complications. Summary: - Ibuprofen does not directly affect potassium levels. - Lantus insulin and Metoprolol are not typically associated with hypokalemia. - Digoxin is the most concerning choice due to its potential interaction with low potassium levels.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with renal failure who arrives for outpatient hemodialysis is unresponsive to questions and has decreased deep tendon reflexes. Family members report that the patient has been taking aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide suspension (Maalox) at home for indigestion. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Notify the patient's health care provider. The patient's unresponsiveness and decreased deep tendon reflexes could be indicative of hypermagnesemia from excessive intake of magnesium-containing antacids like Maalox. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to address the potential overdose and adjust the patient's treatment plan. Drawing a potassium level (choice B) is not the priority in this situation. Reviewing the last magnesium level on the chart (choice C) may provide some information but does not address the immediate need for intervention. Teaching the patient about magnesium-containing antacids (choice D) can be done later, but the priority is to ensure the patient's safety and well-being by involving the healthcare provider promptly.
Question 4 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a reliable 24-hour urine collection is essential for accurately determining GFR or creatinine clearance. Without a complete and accurate urine collection over 24 hours, the results will be inaccurate. Choice B is incorrect because alternative methods, such as estimating GFR using equations, can be used if a 24-hour urine collection is not possible. Choice C is incorrect because BUN is not a direct measure of GFR or creatinine clearance. Choice D is incorrect because an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio is not typically used to determine GFR or creatinine clearance.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula, but does not hear a bruit or
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: notify the provider immediately. A bruit is a normal sound heard over an arteriovenous fistula, indicating proper blood flow. The absence of a bruit may suggest a clot or blockage, which can lead to serious complications. Notifying the provider promptly allows for timely intervention to prevent further issues. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not address the potential seriousness of the situation. Choice C is incorrect as raising the arm may temporarily change blood flow but does not address the underlying cause of the absent bruit.