ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
H+ generated from CO at the tissue level is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: haemoglobin. Haemoglobin acts as a buffer for H+ generated from CO at the tissue level by binding to the H+ ions, preventing drastic changes in blood pH. Hemoglobin can also release H+ ions when needed, helping to maintain pH balance. A: The HCO3- buffer system primarily buffers H+ generated from CO2 at the tissue level, not from CO. B: The phosphate buffer system mainly functions in the kidneys to regulate blood pH, not in buffering H+ from CO. D: Plasma proteins have a limited role in buffering H+ compared to haemoglobin.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these conditions could be a cause of respiratory acidosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs can't remove enough carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in blood acidity. Emphysema, choice D, a lung condition causing poor air exchange, can result in respiratory acidosis. Aspirin poisoning (choice A) typically causes metabolic acidosis. Severe vomiting (choice B) can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to loss of stomach acid. Severe diarrhea (choice C) can also cause metabolic acidosis from loss of bicarbonate. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly affects the respiratory system and can lead to respiratory acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
The first line of defence against this change in [H+] is the chemical buffer systems. Which primary buffer system will respond to this change?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: phosphate buffer system. Phosphate buffer system is an important intracellular buffer that helps regulate pH within cells. It consists of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-). When [H+] increases, H2PO4- can accept H+ ions to form H3PO4, preventing a drastic decrease in pH. Choice B (NH4+:NH3 buffer system) is incorrect because it primarily functions in the kidney to regulate acid-base balance. Choice C (protein buffer system) is incorrect because proteins mainly act as intracellular buffers and have a limited capacity to respond to rapid changes in [H+]. Choice D (haemoglobin buffer system) is incorrect because haemoglobin primarily buffers CO2 levels in the blood through the bicarbonate buffer system, not [H+].
Question 4 of 5
When the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance equals its metabolic utilization and excretion, the body is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. When the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance equal its metabolic utilization and excretion, the body is in a state of balance, known as homeostasis. This means that the body is efficiently utilizing and eliminating the substance to maintain equilibrium. Option B is incorrect because in this scenario, the body is indeed in balance, not in imbalance. Options C and D are also incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or reasoning. In summary, the correct answer (A) reflects a state of equilibrium in the body's metabolic processes, while the other choices do not accurately describe the situation.
Question 5 of 5
Although the terms "water" and "fluid" are often used to refer to the same thing, they are actually different.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Water and fluid are not interchangeable terms. Water specifically refers to the liquid state of H2O molecules, while fluid is a broader term encompassing any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Water is a type of fluid, but not all fluids are water. Therefore, it is accurate to say that water and fluid are different. Summary of Other Choices: B: FALSE - Incorrect because water and fluid have distinct meanings. C: NA - Not applicable as it does not provide a valid response. D: NA - Not applicable as it does not provide a valid response.