ATI RN
Hematological System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Gum bleeding is characteristic of all except:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: chronic phenytoin therapy. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication known to cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), leading to swollen and enlarged gums, but not gum bleeding. Choices B, C, and D all involve conditions that are associated with gum bleeding. Aplastic anemia (B) is a blood disorder that can cause low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. Scurvy (C) is a condition caused by vitamin C deficiency, leading to weakened blood vessels and gum bleeding. Haemophilia (D) is a genetic disorder that impairs blood clotting, resulting in excessive bleeding, including gum bleeding.
Question 2 of 5
All may complicate BM transplantation except:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: emphysema. Bone marrow transplantation does not directly complicate or affect the lungs or cause emphysema. Cataract formation (A), leucoencephalopathy (B), and cardiomyopathy (C) are potential complications due to the effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy on different organs. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease primarily caused by smoking or exposure to airborne irritants, not by bone marrow transplantation.
Question 3 of 5
Decrease iron &decrease iron binding capacity are seen in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: chronic infection. In chronic infection, the body's iron stores are depleted, leading to a decrease in serum iron levels and iron binding capacity. This occurs due to inflammation-induced hepcidin release, which inhibits iron absorption and recycling. Recurrent GIT bleeding (choice A) would lead to iron loss, resulting in decreased iron but increased iron binding capacity due to compensatory mechanisms. Intestinal resection (choice B) can also cause iron deficiency anemia but would not lead to decreased iron binding capacity. Menorrhagia (choice D) would result in iron loss but again would not lead to decreased iron binding capacity.
Question 4 of 5
Which is associated with prolonged bleeding time:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Von Willebrand disease. This is because Von Willebrand factor plays a crucial role in platelet adhesion and aggregation. A deficiency in Von Willebrand factor leads to impaired platelet function, resulting in prolonged bleeding time. The other choices, polythycemia vera (A), antiphospholipid syndrome (C), and hemophilia (D), are not typically associated with prolonged bleeding time due to different underlying mechanisms. Polythycemia vera is characterized by increased red blood cell production, antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing blood clots, and hemophilia is a genetic disorder affecting blood clotting factors.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is planning the care of a patient who has been admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma. In the patient's care plan, the nurse has identified a diagnosis of Risk for Injury. What pathophysiologic effect of multiple myeloma most contributes to this risk?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreased bone density. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells in bone marrow that can lead to bone destruction and decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures and falls. Labyrinthitis (A) is an inner ear disorder unrelated to multiple myeloma. Left ventricular hypertrophy (B) is a cardiac condition not directly associated with the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma. Hypercoagulation (D) is not a primary risk factor for injury in multiple myeloma compared to decreased bone density.