Guidelines for the nursing assistant to give proper catheter care include

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Keeping the genital area clean to prevent infection is crucial in catheter care as it reduces the risk of introducing bacteria into the urinary tract. Cleaning the area helps maintain hygiene and prevents urinary tract infections. A: Hanging the drainage bag higher than the level of the hips or bladder is incorrect as it can cause backflow of urine. B: Disconnecting the catheter when positioning or transferring the resident is incorrect as it can lead to contamination and increase infection risk. D: Hanging the drainage bag from the bedrail is incorrect as it can cause obstruction in the flow of urine and increase the risk of infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lung strength decreases. As people age, their lung tissue becomes less elastic, chest wall muscles weaken, and lung function decreases. This results in reduced lung strength and capacity. Choice B is incorrect because aging causes the airways to become less elastic, not more elastic. Choice C is incorrect as aging can lead to a weaker cough reflex due to decreased muscle strength. Choice D is incorrect because with age, lung function decreases, leading to lower oxygen levels in the blood, not an increase.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Neuron. Neurons are the basic working units of the nervous system as they transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body. They are responsible for processing and transmitting information. The brain and spinal cord (choices A and B) are vital components of the nervous system, but neurons are the fundamental building blocks that make up these structures. Receptors (choice D) are specialized structures that detect stimuli and send signals to neurons. However, neurons are the primary cells involved in transmitting nerve impulses, making them the correct choice in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Validation therapy. This therapy is based on empathetic communication to validate the emotions and feelings of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who may have difficulty distinguishing past and present. By acknowledging and respecting their feelings, validation therapy helps individuals feel heard and understood, reducing distress and anxiety. A: Reality orientation focuses on helping individuals with AD stay oriented to the present time, place, and person. C: Reminiscence therapy involves recalling past events to promote cognitive function and emotional well-being. D: Remotivation therapy aims to restore motivation and engagement in activities through positive reinforcement.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Malignant. A malignant tumor is cancerous because it can invade nearby tissues, spread to other parts of the body, and can be life-threatening if not treated. Benign tumors (choice B) are non-cancerous and do not spread. Opportunistic (choice A) refers to infections that take advantage of weakened immune systems, not tumors. Ballistic (choice D) is unrelated to tumors.