Guidelines followed by the leader of a therapeutic group include focusing on recognizing dysfunctional behavior and thinking patterns, followed by identifying and practicing more adaptive alternate behaviors and thinking. Which theory is evident by this approach?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cognitive-behavioral. This approach emphasizes the connection between thoughts, behaviors, and emotions. By focusing on recognizing dysfunctional behavior and thinking patterns and practicing more adaptive alternatives, the leader is applying cognitive restructuring and behavioral techniques, which are central to cognitive-behavioral theory. Choice A (Behavioral) focuses solely on observable behaviors without addressing thoughts. Choice B (Interpersonal) emphasizes relationships rather than cognitive restructuring. Choice C (Psychodynamic) focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences, not the explicit cognitive and behavioral changes seen in the given approach.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Nurses should advocate for their clients regardless of their own personal beliefs. In the context of assisted death, also known as euthanasia, the nurse's primary ethical responsibility is to advocate for the client's autonomy and right to self-determination. This means supporting the client in making informed decisions about their care, including end-of-life choices, even if the nurse personally disagrees with those choices. Option A is incorrect because assisted death laws vary by country and jurisdiction, and it is not universally accepted or legally executed everywhere. Option C is incorrect because while nurses should respect their clients' autonomy, they must also consider legal and ethical boundaries, including assessing the client's decision-making capacity and ensuring that all other options for comfort and care have been explored. Option D is incorrect because the decision for assisted death should involve a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach that considers the impact on the client's family, the healthcare team, and broader ethical considerations. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice when navigating complex end-of-life care decisions like assisted death. Nurses must be prepared to provide compassionate, non-judgmental care while upholding professional standards and legal regulations. Advocating for the client's best interests and supporting them in their decision-making process is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice in behavioral health and end-of-life care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of behavioral health, understanding the emotional impact of abuse and violence on individuals is crucial for nurses. Option C, increased fear and trauma, is the correct answer. Abuse and violence can lead to a range of emotional consequences such as fear, trauma, anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These experiences can deeply affect an individual's mental health and well-being, leading to long-lasting emotional scars and challenges. Option A, improved self-esteem, is incorrect as abuse and violence typically lower self-esteem due to feelings of powerlessness and worthlessness instilled by the traumatic experiences. Option B, reduced anxiety, is also incorrect as abuse and violence often heighten anxiety levels due to the constant threat and stress associated with such experiences. Option D, enhanced trust in others, is not the correct answer either, as abuse and violence can severely impact an individual's ability to trust others, leading to issues in forming and maintaining relationships. In an educational context, nurses need to recognize the complex emotional toll that abuse and violence can have on individuals to provide appropriate care and support. By understanding the psychological effects of trauma, nurses can better assess, intervene, and advocate for those who have experienced abuse or violence, ultimately promoting healing and recovery in behavioral health settings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Commitment laws changed in the early 1970s, making it more difficult to commit people for mental health treatment against their will. Deinstitutionalization accomplished the release of individuals from long-term stays in state institutions. Deinstitutionalization also had negative effects in that some mentally ill persons are subjected to the revolving door effect, which may limit care for mentally ill persons.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Although people with severe and persistent mental illness have shorter hospital stays, they are admitted to hospitals more frequently. Although deinstitutionalization reduced the number of public hospital beds by 80%, the number of admissions to those beds correspondingly increased by 90%. The number of individuals with mental illness did not change.