Growth hormone:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because insulin plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes. Firstly, insulin stimulates the formation of glycogen by promoting the uptake of glucose into the liver and muscles for storage. Secondly, it increases the transport of glucose into cells, regulating blood sugar levels. Lastly, insulin also stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats by promoting the uptake of amino acids and fatty acids into cells. Therefore, all the statements in option D are correct based on the functions of insulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct: 1. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. 2. It plays a key role in regulating electrolyte balance, specifically sodium and potassium levels. 3. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. 4. This hormone helps to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - Choice B (functions in the regulation of blood glucose levels): Aldosterone does not play a significant role in blood glucose regulation. - Choice C (stimulates the kidney to excrete sodium and reabsorb potassium): This statement is partially true, but aldosterone actually stimulates sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. - Choice D (All is applicable): While aldosterone has various functions, not all statements apply to its actions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Cushing syndrome is typically caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can result from steroid therapy like prednisone. This leads to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Adrenal insufficiency (B) is actually the opposite condition. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased blood volume, making choices C incorrect. Growth hormone is not a primary treatment for Cushing syndrome, making choice D incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct answer: A (ADH) Rationale: 1. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to decreased urine output. 2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands, not the kidneys. 3. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance, not directly affecting urine volume. 4. Oxytocin primarily functions in uterine contractions and milk ejection, not in kidney function.