Gout is a familial metabolic disease characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis due to deposits of monosodium urate in joints and cartilage. This consideration is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Gout is indeed a familial metabolic disease characterized by acute arthritis caused by monosodium urate deposits in joints. The term "familial" indicates a genetic predisposition to the condition. Choice B is incorrect because gout is not a random occurrence but rather a metabolic disorder. Choice C, "All," is incorrect as it implies that every possible consideration about gout is true, which is not the case. Choice D, "None," is also incorrect as there are specific characteristics and features associated with gout that make it distinguishable from other conditions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Amiloride (Midamor). Amiloride is typically given in combination with a thiazide diuretic to counteract potassium loss caused by thiazides. Thiazides like Hydrochlorothiazide (Choice C) and loop diuretics like Furosemide (Choice B) can lead to hypokalemia, which is why amiloride is used to spare potassium. Acetazolamide (Choice A) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and is not typically combined with thiazide diuretics for potassium-sparing effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because aminoglycosides are known to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as unwanted effects. Ototoxicity refers to damage to the inner ear structures, leading to hearing loss or imbalance, while nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage. Pancytopenia (choice A) is not typically associated with aminoglycosides. Hepatotoxicity (choice B) is not a common side effect of aminoglycosides. Irritation of gastrointestinal mucosa (choice D) is also not a known adverse effect of aminoglycosides.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhibition of DNA gyrase. Fluoroquinolones target DNA gyrase, an enzyme involved in bacterial DNA replication and repair. By inhibiting DNA gyrase, fluoroquinolones prevent bacterial DNA from unwinding and replicating, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. Explanation of other choices: A: Inhibition of phospholipase C - This is incorrect as fluoroquinolones do not target phospholipase C. C: Inhibition of bacterial cell synthesis - While fluoroquinolones do affect bacterial cell synthesis indirectly by inhibiting DNA gyrase, this is not the primary mechanism of action. D: Alteration of cell membrane permeability - This is incorrect as fluoroquinolones primarily target DNA gyrase, not cell membrane permeability.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Interferon alfa is the correct answer as it is an endogenous protein produced by the immune system in response to viral infections. It helps to inhibit viral replication and spread. Amantadine is a synthetic antiviral drug that works by blocking viral replication. Saquinavir is a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV. Pencyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are synthetic antiviral drugs, while choice C is correct as it is an endogenous protein with antiviral properties.