Gonadocorticoid(s) ________.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because during late puberty, the production of sex hormones by the gonads significantly outweighs the production of gonadocorticoids by the adrenal gland. This is due to the maturation and increased activity of the gonads during this developmental stage. Rationale: A: Synthesized by the adrenal medulla are primarily catecholamines, not androgens. C: Secretion inhibition of gonadocorticoids is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, not solely by a negative feedback loop involving ACTH. D: Hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome, not adrenogenital syndrome or feminization.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aldosterone functions to increase sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that acts on the kidneys to enhance the reabsorption of sodium and water and excretion of potassium. This helps regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Aldosterone is not secreted by the neurohypophysis, but by the adrenal glands. C: Aldosterone actually decreases potassium concentration in the blood. D: Aldosterone production is primarily regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, not greatly influenced by ACTH.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptides (proteins) and steroids. Peptides and steroids are the two main categories of hormones based on their chemical makeup. Peptides are made up of amino acids and include proteins, while steroids are derived from cholesterol. This classification is essential because it determines how hormones are synthesized and how they interact with target cells. Glands and cortex (option A) do not represent the chemical makeup of hormones, proteins and carbohydrates (option B) are broad categories that do not specifically address hormone types, and endocrine and ectocrine (option D) refer to different types of glands, not the chemical composition of hormones.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Alcohol suppresses the secretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which leads to a decrease in the reabsorption of water from the kidneys. ADH is responsible for increasing water reabsorption, so suppressing it results in more water being excreted. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because alcohol does not affect aldosterone secretion, and aldosterone primarily regulates sodium reabsorption rather than water reabsorption. ADH is the hormone directly involved in water reabsorption in the kidneys, making choice A the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: adding iodine to the diet. Iodine deficiency is a common cause of simple goiter. Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and a lack of it can lead to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Adding iodine to the diet helps prevent simple goiter by ensuring the thyroid has enough iodine to function properly. Antibiotics (choice A) are not effective for preventing goiter as it is not caused by bacteria. Surgery (choice C) and hormone therapy (choice D) are typically used to treat goiter once it has developed, not prevent it.