ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Glyceryl trinitrate for angina is most effective when given :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) is most effective when given sublingually for the treatment of angina pectoris. When administered sublingually, the medication is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the oral mucosa, leading to rapid onset of action and providing quick relief of angina symptoms. This route bypasses first-pass metabolism in the liver, allowing the drug to exert its effects more rapidly. Orally administered glyceryl trinitrate is subject to extensive first-pass metabolism, and intravenous or intramuscular routes are generally reserved for acute situations where rapid onset of action is required. Subcutaneous administration is less commonly used compared to the sublingual route for the treatment of angina.
Question 2 of 5
Which pain theory is based on the existence of a specific pain system?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The specificity theory of pain proposes that there is a specific pain system in the body that is responsible for detecting and transmitting pain signals. According to this theory, specific pain receptors exist that are sensitive only to pain stimuli and are separate from other sensory receptors for touch, temperature, or pressure. When tissue damage or injury occurs, these pain receptors are activated, and they send signals through specific pain pathways to the brain, resulting in the sensation of pain. The specificity theory suggests that pain is a distinct sensory modality with its own dedicated system, separate from other sensory modalities.
Question 3 of 5
Amoxicillin is prescribed for a patient who has a respiratory infection. The nurse is teaching the patient about this medication and realizes that more teaching is needed when the patient makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that is generally well-absorbed with or without food, but taking it with food can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. The statement 'This medication should not be taken with food' indicates a misunderstanding, as food does not significantly impair its absorption. The other statements are correct: completing the prescription prevents antibiotic resistance, reporting genital itching is important for identifying potential yeast infections, and excess bleeding could indicate a rare but serious side effect like thrombocytopenia.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with a history of malaria who is being treated with chloroquine is in the clinic for a follow-up visit. What should the nurse advise the patient to do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chloroquine can cause retinopathy, so patients should be advised to report any visual changes promptly. Taking the medication with milk is not necessary. Sunlight avoidance is not specifically required for chloroquine, though it may cause photosensitivity in some patients. Increasing fluid intake is not a specific recommendation for chloroquine use.
Question 5 of 5
A 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the unit with angina. He was started on nadolol (Corgard). The patient asks why he is taking this medication because he does not have high blood pressure. What is the nurse’s best response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased heart rate, contractility, and excitability, as well as a membrane-stabilizing effect, lead to a decrease in arrhythmias, a decreased cardiac workload, and decreased oxygen consumption. The juxtaglomerular cells are not stimulated to release renin, which further decreases the blood pressure. These effects are useful in treating hypertension and chronic angina and can help to prevent reinfarction after a myocardial infarction by decreasing cardiac workload and oxygen consumption. Corgard will not prevent blood pressure problems, arrhythmias, or glaucoma in the future. Corgard is not used to treat BPH.